266 N.W.2d 482 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1978
SPRUYTTE
v.
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Shumar & Murphy, for plaintiff.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, and Michael J. Hodge, Assistant Attorney General, State Affairs Division, for defendant.
Before: DANHOF, C.J., and BRONSON and N.J. LAMBROS,[*] JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiff, a prisoner, was transferred from Southern Michigan Prison to Marquette in August, 1973. In preparation for his transfer, plaintiff was required to turn over his personal property to the agents of the defendant. In return, he received a resident personal property receipt which itemized the property he had placed in the custody of the defendant. Plaintiff's property was never returned to him after his arrival at Marquette.
Plaintiff brought suit alleging that the resident personal property receipt constituted a bailment contract and claiming damages of $28,939.84 for breach. Defendant moved for accelerated and summary judgment on the ground that plaintiff's complaint was a disguised tort claim and that, as a tort claim, it was subject to the defense of governmental *147 immunity. Plaintiff appeals from an order granting defendant's motion.
The trial court did not err in finding that the receipt did not constitute an express contract since it did not contain any contract terms. Therefore, any bailment relationship must be based on an implied contract. An implied contract, like other contracts, requires mutual assent and consideration. The parties did not appear to have any intention of entering into a contractual relationship since this procedure was required as an aspect of prison management and control. Furthermore, this purported contract lacks consideration since the parties were only performing a preexisting duty. As part of the transfer procedure, plaintiff was required to give up his property to the defendant, and the defendant was required to take it and hold it for him. Even if plaintiff was able to show a bailment contract, the Court could look beyond the contract label to determine whether the substance of the complaint sounded in tort. When significant public policy considerations are involved, the Court is not controlled by the labels chosen by the plaintiff, Greatrex v Evangelical Deaconess Hospital, 261 Mich. 327; 246 N.W. 137 (1933). In Greatrex, at 332, the Court quoted with approval the entire opinion of Rudy v Lakeside Hospital, 115 Ohio St 539; 155 N.E. 126 (1926), where the Ohio court dismissed a similar action which attempted to circumvent a tort liability defense by pleading an implied contract of bailment.
Subject to certain statutory exceptions, all government agencies shall be immune from tort liability in all cases where the government agency is engaged in the exercise or discharge of a governmental function. MCLA 691.1407; MSA 3.996(107).
*148 "Governmental function" is not defined by statute. It is, however, a term of art which has been used by the courts of this state to describe those activities of government which due to their public nature should not give rise to liability at common law. In the absence of prior judicial decision on whether a given activity is a governmental function, the courts will take a case-by-case approach. Thomas v Department of State Highways, 398 Mich. 1; 247 NW2d 530 (1976). The operation and maintenance of a jail is a governmental function. Green v Department of Corrections, 30 Mich. App. 648; 186 NW2d 792 (1971), aff'd, 386 Mich. 459; 192 NW2d 491 (1971), Wojtasinski v Saginaw, 74 Mich. App. 476; 254 NW2d 71 (1977). Furthermore, the prisoner transfer procedure, which required the plaintiff to be separated from his personal property, is an incident of the operation and maintenance of prisons and thus is within the scope of the performance of a uniquely governmental function.
Affirmed. No costs, a public question involved.
NOTES
[*] Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.