23 N.C. App. 445 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1974
A motion for a directed verdict for the defendant should be allowed only if the evidence taken as true and considered in the light most favorable to the plaintiff is insufficient to justify a verdict for the plaintiff. Adler v. Insurance Co., 280 N.C. 146, 185 S.E. 2d 144 (1971).
The evidence, when considered in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, establishes the following:
1. The defendant maintained an automobile gas service station, and in connection therewith, and at a distance of some 30 or 40 feet therefrom, the defendant had a series of six stalls where automobiles could be washed. These were self-service washing stalls. Each stall was about 10 feet in width. An arm-like mechanism extended from the wall about 61/2 or 7 feet in length and on the end of the arm there was a hose about 8 feet long with a steel nozzle on the end of the hose about 2 feet long. It was designed to accommodate considerable pressure so as to knock dirt and debris off an automobile. The pressure was so great that the nozzle would vibrate in your hand.
2. No instructions on how to operate the equipment were in stall No. 1, but such instructions were in the other five stalls. The instructions had not been in stall No. 1 for some three to five months prior to the incident in question and the manager knew this. The arm with the hose and nozzle was a swinging arm and was located above the height of an automobile. Some 30 inches up the wall from the base of the stall there was located a holder in which the hose nozzle was placed when not in use.
3. The instructions which were placed in the other stalls and which were missing in stall No. 1 read as follows:
“Use At Own Risk
Hold Gun
*447 Push Off Switch
Insert 25jz? In Meter
Push On Switch
Push Wash Or Rinse Switch
Push Off Switch
Replace Gun”
4. If the off switch was not cut off, the guns would jump out of the holster and flop around and kick under pressure. When the switch was cut off, the power was off, and there would be no pressure on the hose and nozzle. The station manager testified, “I have seen the hose hop out of the holster when they put their money in and didn’t have the nozzle in their hand and the switch would already be on and it would flop around. I have never seen it hop out when there was no water or soap ■coming out of it when it was not under pressure.”
5. There was a metal box on the wall with a sign painted ■on it saying 25 cents. The metal box had a slot in it to accommodate the 25 cents.
6. On 23 September 1972, the plaintiff took her automobile into stall No. 1. She had never been in one of the stalls ■of the defendant prior to this time. She had washed her automobile at similar car washes on a few occasions prior to this time. The pressure was stronger at this car wash than at any car wash' plaintiff had previously used. On entering the stall, plaintiff observed a little box that said 25 cents, and she accordingly put 25 cents therein. Before doing this, she looked for some instructions but saw none as there were none there. She also looked for controls and switches but saw none. When she put the quarter in the box, she did not have the hose handle in her band, and it flew out of the holster and lodged under the wheel of her automobile. Plaintiff reached down and picked it up and began to wash her car. At this time the plaintiff realized that this hose had tremendous pressure on it and so much pressure that she could hardly hold the nozzle in her hand. She used two bands to hold it while she rinsed her automobile off. After completing the wetting down of her automobile, she replaced the nozzle in the holder in order that she could proceed with putting soap on her automobile before completing the washing thereof. While she knew that it had jumped out of the holder once be
7. Plaintiff’s injury consisted of a cut right eye requiring several stitches and she incurred doctor and hospital expenses and missed three days from work.
’ The plaintiff’s evidence established that the car wash was under fhe management and control of the defendant; that with the defendant’s knowledge, no instructions were present as to the use of the spray nozzle; that in the absence of any instructions as to the proper use of the spray nozzle, plaintiff was using it in a manner that the defendant should have expected the public would use. We are of the opinion that the evidence on behalf of the plaintiff was sufficient to take the case to the jury on the question of negligence on the part of the defendant in failing to have proper instructions in the use of the facilities which the defendant was furnishing for hire.
We next consider whether or not the plaintiff was contribu-torily negligent as a matter of law. Dismissal on that ground is proper only if plaintiff’s evidence, considered in the light most favorable to her, so clearly establishes her own negligence as one of the proximate causes of her injuries that no other reasonable inference may be drawn therefrom. Bowen v. Gardner, 275 N.C. 363, 168 S.E. 2d 47 (1969).
The defendant contends that the plaintiff had sufficient knowledge to apprise her of the fact that if she replaced the nozzle in its receptacle while it was still under pressure, it would fly back out. The basis for this is the plaintiff’s testimony that she did not check the other stalls for instructions; did not request any assistance in operating the sprayer; and that she previously observed the nozzle fly out of its holder when she first started the car wash. The defendant contends that the plaintiff was therefore contributorily negligent as a matter of law. We do not agree with this contention. We think the plaintiff was entitled to assume that the car wash was safe to be operated by her as it was provided for the public generally upon payment of a fee of 25 cents. It was not incumbent upon her to
Reversed and remanded.