57 Vt. 654 | Vt. | 1885
The opinion of the court was delivered by
The verdict being for the plaintiff implies that the jury found that the cow broke through the fence which the defendant was bound to keep in repair. Therefore, if the admission of the evidence as to the division of the fence was error, which is not decided, the plaintiff was not harmed by it. The bill of exceptions does not show that there was any issue in respect to the fence except as to its division.
The special verdict establishes the amount of the damages for all the injuries specified in the declaration. There was no occasion to include in that verdict damage to the fence, as the verdict, so far as appears and is inferable, was based on the theory that it was the defendant’s fence, if any, that was injured.
Damages to grape vines and garden vegetables are not recoverable under the declaration. These injuries were not specified and Avere not covered by the averment of other wrongs. The general test under such averment, is, whether they were damages and matters which naturally
Evidence of word bantering and stone throwing between the parties on some other occasion than when the cow broke in. was properly rejected.
A tender was made, under section 1450, R. L., within the time therein provided and more than sufficient to cover all the damages, with the costs then accrued. That section provides that if the plaintiff refuses to receive the tender, ‘‘ and the defendant brings into court the sum so tendered, if, in the opinion of the court, the defendant acted in good faith in the matter complained of, the plaintiff shall recover no costs accruing after such tender, unless he recovers a larger sum in damages than the amount of damages s.o tendered, but the defendant shall be allowed, in the discretion of the court, to recover his costs which accrued after such tender.”
Under this statute, when the tender is not received, the jury are to try the case without reference to the tender.
The court is to take notice of the tender, and to act on it in the taxation of costs. It was not intended to be the subject of a plea in bar to be tried by jury, but a matter of proof on the trial, bearing on the question of costs. Adams v. Morgan, 39 Vt. 302; Smith v. Wilbur, 35 Vt. 132. Under these cases and others in this State it would seem that if the tender was a proper subject of a plea in bar it would be required, under demurrer, that the plea should allege that the defendant acted in good faith and that the tender was kept good by being brought into court seasonably. The bill of exceptions in this case does not expressly state that the court found these facts. With these facts found the pro
The judgment for the defendant was correct in substance if not in form provided this court should presume that the County Court found the facts essential as the basis of the judgment, or in other words properly exercised its discretion under the statute.
The decisions in this State have been repeated and uniform that all reasonable presumptions will be made, in the Supreme Court, in favor of the regularity of the proceedings and decisions of the County Court, and unless it appears affirmatively upon the bill of exceptions that error has intervened, the judgment will be affirmed. In this case it does not appear that the County Court did not find the facts necessary to warrant the judgment as rendered, and upon legal evidence. To warrant a reversal we must assume those facts were not found instead of presuming they were found. This would be against settled law and good sense. Moreover a reference to the docket entries in this case shows that the tender was seasonably brought into court. Such reference may be made although the record is not specially referred to in - the bill of exceptions as part thereof. Frost v. Bates, 16 Vt. 145; Wheelock v. Sears, 19 Vt. 559.
Should the court have rendered judgment for the plaintiff, for the damages found by the jury and held by the court to be recoverable under the declaration and for costs to the date of the tender ?
Under the decisions supra a tender under this statute, if not received by the plaintiff, is not strictly a defence. The language imports that there may be a recovery by the plaintiff notwithstanding a sufficient tender. The jury
As the plaintiff prevails in this court she should have costs here under the statutory restrictions applicable.
Judgment reversed, and judgment for plaintiff for the amount found in the special verdict, viz.: five dollars, and her costs to date of tender, and that the same is satisfied by the tender, so far as required, in the custody of the court; also that she recover her costs in this court; and that the defendant recover his costs in the County Court subsequent to the date of the tender; and that execution issue for the balance of costs to the party in whose favor the same may be found.
