117 S.W. 214 | Tex. App. | 1909
The suit is by C. S. Solomon, Sr., and his minor children for damages alleged to have been sustained through the negligence of the appellant company which resulted in the death of Mrs. Solomon, the wife and mother.
By the petition it is claimed that appellant operated a system of telephones in Marshall, Texas, and that on July 17, 1901, C. S. Solomon, Sr., plaintiff, had a telephone instrument installed in the house of Mrs. Godbold, his mother-in-law, and that he had a contract with the defendant company to maintain said instrument in said house for the purpose of plaintiff's communicating with other subscribers, and that plaintiff paid a part of the monthly rental for such service; that defendant agreed to furnish telephone connection with all of the other subscribers to the system in Marshall, and among whom were about twenty physicians; that appellant had obligated itself to properly construct, equip, maintain and keep in repair the said telephone; that on the night of February 5, 1906, the wife of C. S. Solomon and mother of the plaintiffs was taken ill with childbirth, and it became necessary to have a physician to give her medical and surgical attention, and that C. S. Solomon, Sr., about 2 a. m. on said date, went to the said telephone and rang the central office for the purpose of getting connection with Dr. Rosborough, who was plaintiff's family physician, and who also had in his residence a telephone and was connected with the system as a subscriber; "that the instruments, batteries, circuits of electricity, and wires were so out of order, unsuitable and unfit for the purpose for which they were intended, that the said plaintiff could not secure any telephonic connection with the central office of the system, the wires were not properly insulated or stretched and ran through tree tops and bushes, and were in contact with other objects, not insulators, and was grounded improperly, and with reference to the instrument of plaintiff, was unfit for the use to which it was placed and put;" that the plaintiff could not get connection with the central office and thereby make connection with the residence of Dr. *308 Rosborough so that plaintiff could notify the said doctor to come and attend his wife in her sickness; that plaintiff tried in this way some thirty minutes or more to reach the residence of the said doctor, and finally abandoned the idea of getting the central office and proceeded on horseback to the home of the said doctor, distant about two miles from his home; that when the plaintiff reached the home of Dr. Rosborough he found the said doctor sick in bed and unable to respond to said call and attend his wife; that plaintiff then tried at the doctor's residence to get connection with the central office, but failed, and from there proceeded to the central office of the defendant to get connection from there with the residence of Dr. Hilliard, and on reaching the central office found all the doors closed and locked, and that he then went to a saloon and there got connection with the central office and telephoned Dr. Hilliard to come immediately to see his wife, explaining her condition; that the said doctor lived two miles from plaintiff's residence; that when plaintiff arrived home he found that his wife had delivered the child, and she was flooding, and died in a few minutes after Dr. Hilliard arrived; that Dr. Hilliard, upon receiving the summons, started immediately and came with all dispatch, and that if the telephone system had been properly constructed and maintained plaintiff would have been able to secure telephone connection with a physician sooner and so saved the life of the deceased. Appellant answered by demurrer, general denial and contributory negligence. The case was tried to a jury, and in accordance with their verdict a judgment was rendered in favor of the children and against C. S. Solomon, Sr. From the judgment appellant has brought the case on appeal, seeking to have the same revised for the errors assigned.
It was substantially shown by the evidence that about 2 a. m. of February 5, 1906, Mrs. Solomon was taken violently sick in childbirth, and that her husband tried to call the family physician over the telephone of appellant in which he had a rental interest, but could not get connection with the central office because the telephone was out of order, due to the negligent condition of the ground-wire. Solomon then got on his horse and went to the house of the family physician, the one he had been trying to get over the telephone, and found him sick and unable to go. He then tried to get the central office from this physician's house to get another doctor, but could not get central from there. He then went to the central office, found it locked, and tried to get in but could not. He then went to a near-by telephone, called central, and summoned another physician, who went to the house but got there too late to save Mrs. Solomon's life. She had given birth to a child and died from hemorrhage of the womb, which might have been stopped if a doctor had arrived sooner. The doctor testified that she was in a dying condition when he arrived, and "if I had been there a few minutes after the birth of the child, in my opinion I could have saved the woman's life."
After stating the case. — We think the controlling question of the case is presented by the several assignments of error complaining of the action of the court in overruling the demurrer to the petition. *309
The statute under which this suit is brought provides that an action for actual damages may be brought when the death of any person is caused by the wrongful act, negligence, unskillfulness or default of another. By further terms of the statute the liability in such cases is declared to depend upon the condition that the act complained of "be of such a character as would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the party injured to maintain an action for such injury." The petition does not charge that the injury causing the death was from any violence to the person of the deceased. As can be seen, the petition predicates the right of appellees to recover upon the claim of a general contract with appellant for general telephone service over its system in the city of Marshall, which service they did not get at the particular time in question because of negligent maintenance and equipment of the telephone apparatus, and on account of such failure to get telephone service at the particular time in question failed to get a doctor in time to attend the deceased, who at the time was violently sick in childbirth, and who died from flooding or hemorrhage in giving the birth, which might have been stopped if a physician had arrived sooner than he did to attend her in the delivery of the child. The contract for the telephone service was made August 1, 1902, and was for no specified time, but continued generally, and to the death of the deceased on February 5, 1906. There was no specific contract with the appellant by which it agreed to transmit or to furnish facilities for transmitting this particular message to the physician expected to be called by appellee to attend the deceased in her confinement. The contract made between the husband and the appellant for general telephone service is therefore to be considered as the basis of this action. By the condition imposed by the statute must the right of the appellees to maintain an action against the appellant be determined? The inquiry is, Had the deceased lived, could she have maintained an action against the appellant in the circumstances stated in the petition, for damages for the injury? The act complained of is the negligent failure to give telephone service under a general contract to do so. To have entitled the deceased to maintain an action for the negligence in the performance of the duty founded on a contract which raised the duty, no personal injury to the person or injury to her property being shown, it must appear that the contract was made by her or was made to inure in fact to her benefit. It may be conceded as a reasonable construction of the contract set up in the petition in this case, that the contract as to general service of the telephone for the use of all of the family of the husband was made at the time to inure in fact for the benefit of the wife. In such action, had she lived, it would have appeared in the circumstances that her damage was the mental anxiety occasioned to her from the delay in procuring a physician's attendance upon her in her then natural sickness of childbirth. Could she recover such damages in the circumstances? The measure of her recovery must, we think, be determined by the general rule of law which applies to all cases of breach of contract, which rule is thus expressed in the case of Western U. Tel. Co. v. Edmondson,
It is argued by appellee that where the apparatus is installed in a house the contract for telephone service is to keep the system in working order, so that when one subscriber wants to transact any business with another subscriber to the system the company will put the party wanted to the telephone and make such connections so that the two can transact the business they desire by talking over or through the *311 telephone, and that the contract does not contemplate that the company is to have notice of the nature of the conversation or business. Even so, the contract is one of lease of the instrumentalities, and not of indemnity against any and all loss or damage that might result to or befall the renter of the instrumentalities from failure to get proper telephone service. As a necessary deduction from the rule of law that damages are recoverable only if they flow from the breach in the natural course of events or within the contemplation of the parties, it follows that damages so remote as to fall without these rules can not be recovered. It would be without warrant of law, and would work injustice, to rule that where a party to a contract is not advised of a special course of circumstances he would be liable for the damages which follow breach by reason of such special course. If such damages could be allowable in the instant case, then with as much reason and force could it be claimed by such rule that a cattle dealer could recover the market decline in value of his cattle because he failed to get telephone service with his agent in the town to instruct him to sell at a particular hour, or where a sheriff having a telephone contract failed to get telephone service with another subscribing officer to instruct arrest of a person accused of crime, and thereby lost a reward for the capture. Many other instances of business delay arising could be mentioned where the damages are remote. As was said by Justice Brown, speaking for the court, in the case of Telegraph Co. v. Edmondson, supra, "and we have neither authority nor inclination to extend the right of recovery in this class of cases (meaning recovery for mental anguish alone) beyond the limits already fixed by the decisions of this court."
It follows from this discussion that the deceased, had she lived, could not have maintained an action for the injury claimed. Unless she could maintain the suit under the condition of the statute the appellees can not maintain the one brought by them. If the damages in the one instance were too remote, then the death of the deceased was not the natural and probable consequence of any negligence on the part of appellant and could not have been foreseen in the light of the circumstances. In the case of Sheffer v. Railway Co.,
As it appears unlikely from the case that a cause of action which could be sustained can be averred, the judgment will be here reversed and rendered for the appellant company, with all costs against the appellees herein.
Reversed and rendered.
Writ of error refused.