279 F. 171 | S.D. Cal. | 1922
(after stating the facts as above). This case lies in very narrow compass. Both reason and authority could perhaps be cited in support of the proposition that this court, while it has before it for determination the question of the removability of a case from a state court, may'enjoin the parties from, attempting to proceed with the case in the state court; this upon the theory that, if this court upon removal does possess jurisdiction of the cause, that jurisdiction may not be invaded by harmful proceedings in the state court, and that, pending a determination by this court of the removability of the cause, this court will protect the party who is asserting its jurisdiction from being harried or embarrassed by proceedings in a court with respect to which the claim is then being made that it is without jurisdiction. Therefore if, pending such determination, application' had been made. to restrain the parties from proceeding with the cause in the state court until this court had adjudicated the controverted question of its own jurisdiction to hear and determine the main; cause, appropriate action to' that end would have been taken. This court, however, has determined that with respect to the cause of action sought to be removed, it has and at all times had no jurisdiction; in other words, that upon the face of thé papers the cause was not a removable one. The state court made a similar determination, and, believing that it possessed jurisdiction and no stay being asked of it, proceeded regularly to adjudge the matters therein pending.
I cannot bring myself to believe that either upon principle or authority there exists now any just cause to stay the enforcement of the judgment secured by the parties in the state court. Such action could be taken only upon the theory that at all times subsequent to the filing of the petition and bond in the state court, asking for the removal to this court of the cause there pending, the state court was without jurisdiction in the premises. This I would conceive to be the case, had it been the fact that the petition and bond, considered in connection with the'
These views are sustained', in my judgment, by Madisonville Traction Co. v. St. Bernard Mining Co., 196 U. S. 239, 245, 25 Sup. Ct. 251, 253, 49 L. Ed. 462. In that opinion (196 U. S. at page 245, 25 Sup. Ct. 253, 49 L. Ed. 462) it is said that—
“It Is well settled that if, upon the face of the record, including the petition for removal, a suit docs not appear to he a removable one, then the state court is not bound to surrender its jurisdiction, and. may proceed as if no application for removal had been made.”
That is the precise situation presented here. So in Stone v. South. Carolina, 117 U. S. 430, at page 432, 6 Sup. Ct. 799, 800, 29 L. Ed. 962, the court said:
“The mere filing of a petition for the removal of a suit, which is not removable, does not work a transfer. To accomplish this the suit must be one that may bo removed, and the petition must show a right in the petitioner to demand the removal.”
So in Insurance Co. v. Pechner, 95 U. S. 183, 186, 24 L. Ed. 427, the court says that the petition to he filed by the defendant asking for a removal order should state facts which, taken in connection with such as already appear, entitle him to the transfer. The court then continues :
“If he fails in this, he has not, in law, shown to the court that it cannot ‘proceed further with the cause.’ Having once acquired jurisdiction, the court may proceed until it is judicially informed that its power over the cause has been suspended.”
In other words, having acquired jurisdiction originally, the court is entitled — nay, it is its duty — to proceed therewith until it shall have been “judicially informed” (that is, informed by the tender of a proper x>etition in a removable cause) that its power over the case is suspended. Amory v. Amory, 95 U. S. 186, 187, 24 L. Ed. 428, and Burlington Ry. v. Dunn, 122 U. S. 513, 7 Sup. Ct. 1262, 30 L. Ed. 1159, support these'conclusions thus announced. So does Tierney v. Helvetia Fire Ins. Co., 126 App. Div. 446, 110 N. Y. Supp. 613.
Practically the precise question involved herein was up for determination before the Supreme Court of Idaho in State v. American Surety Co., 26 Idaho, 652, 145 Pac. 1097, Ann. Cas. 1916E, 209, in which it was held that, under circumstances similar to those at bar, the judgment of the state court was not void for want of jurisdiction. In Foster’s Federal Practice (5th Ed.) § 554, with relation to removal to the federal court, it is said:
“The state court has power to examine the petition and bond, in order to ascertain whether they are sufficient. If they are' insufficient, it may disregard them and proceed ivith the suit. (Italics supplied.) WJiere the question is doubtful, it seems to be the better practice for the state court to take no action until the federal court has passed upon, a motion to remand the*174 cause. * * * According to the preponderance of authority, if the state court proceeds in a cause, notwithstanding an attempted removal, and the ease is subsequently remanded because of want of jurisdiction, the intervening proceedings in the state court are valid.”
These statements of the law are supported by the cases cited in a note to the text quoted. They establish, in my judgment, the proposition that, the case being, as a matter of law, as has been declared by this court, nonremovable, the superior court at no time lost jurisdiction thereof, and its orders and judgment entered in conformity to established practice are valid, and may not now be set aside in effect by the injunctive order of this tribunal.
The usual- decree of dismissal will be entered.
