137 Ala. 601 | Ala. | 1902
These may be said to be familiar facts in physics and, therefore, within the cotaimon knowledge of mankind, and within, the judicial knowledge of courts: That atmospheric electricity, or lightning, is frequently discharged from clouds and passes to the earth; that metal wires strung in the air are good conductors of electricity, much better than the air; that "animal bodies, the bodies of human beings among the ■Test, are also better conductors than the. air or than wood; that electricity so discharged in, the vicinity of such wires is liable and apt to pass into them and along them to their ends, and thence through the best conductor at hand into the earth; that if a human body is. in ‘contact with the end of the wire, the current will pass through it to the ground, and that though not. in -actual contact, with the end of the wire whence the current must go to the ground, but near to it, the current, instead of passing through the air to the ground will seek the
The business of maintaining a telephone system by means of transmitters and receivers, and of poles (extending many feet in, the air with wireis strung upon them and extending for the transmission (if words into houses, public and private, is recognized as a, legitimate business, ft is, too, a. business of a public or <//M/«s‘f-public nature, in that those engaged in it in a town or city or given locality and using- public streets and machí for their lines of poles and wire may he sa.id to he under a duty to supply telephone service within such territory, to all persons who desire it aud pay for it, so that a system of lines and instruments: established in a com-, munity in a sense meets a public demand.and conserves public convenience. Tf by the exercise of such reasona-, Ide precautions as a. man of ordinary can1- and prudence would exercise in. respect of such a dangerous agent, injuries to persons and property from the conduction along the wires and into houses of currents of atmospheric electricity may be avoided, it is the duty of companies engaged in this business to employ devices and appliances to that end. If the danger cannot 'he wholly avoided, due care should he taken to minimize it; and if such care is taken and there still inheres, in tin1 operation of the system a modicum of unavoidable peril to persons and property, its consequences am to he risked and submitted to in consideration of the conservation of public
The facts averred in the 6th count of the complaint bring the case at bar within the category last stated. The defendant had strung its wires for a mile or more to and into the storehouse of one Thomas, and had there, attached them to a telephone instrument for the purpose of supplying him with its telephonic service, had supplied him for a time and until he made known to them that he did not desire the service longer and requested the company to' take out its instrument. This the company at once did, hut against the suggestion, not to say protest, of Thomas, the defendant! failed to take its wires out of the house, hut, cutting them loose from the instrument, twisted their ends together and left them hanging in 'the store. A mercantile business was being carried on in the place, and, of course, the public were invited and were expected and had the right to be in there to make purchases of Thomas’ wares. In view of the known capacity of these wires to collect and carry dangerous currents of atmospheric electricity into the store and there discharge them to the deadly peril of persons in there at the time, and in view of the total absence of any occasion for the wires to he deft there at ad. there can, in our opinion, he no doubt that the oompauv owed
The averments of this count showing defendant’s said duty, that it Avas a duty AA'hich defendant owed the plaintiff and defendant’s neglect to perform Avere, considering the evidence adduced in connection with the facts to' Avhich AA7e. have adverted as being Avithin the common knoAvledge of the court and jury, proved beyond controversy and adverse inference. So far as count 4 differed from count 6 in its averments, the proof failed to establish count 4, but did without conflict establish count. 6; so that upon these points of difference — which Avere as to the number of wires running into- the store and the occasion of plaintiff being there — the plaintiff was entitled to the affirmative charge under count 6: and it folloAvs that if the court erred in overruling the demurrer to count 4, the error was Avithout injury to the defendant.
The demurrers to plea. 2 Avere properly sustained. The defendant owed. the. duty to remove the Avires not only to Thomas, but to Thomas’ customers! as well, and his mere consent that they might he left there Avas no defense to plaintiff’s action.
The duty to the plaintiff being alleged and proved, as also defendant’s failure to perform that duty, and the proof being without conflict, the only question for the jury, assuming that they believed the evidence as to the wires being left in the store under the circumstances detailed before them, was whether these vires inducted atmospheric electricity into the store and discharged the current upon the person of the- plaintiff and whether she was injured, thereby. To say the least, the evidence was overwhelming, though not perhaps to- the exclusion of all ground for a contrary inference-, to the establishment of the injury and of the causal connection between the wrong and it. It follows that "the c.ourt- properly refused to give the general affirmative charge, and the affirmative charge on count 6 for the defendant. For reasons, given hereinbefore in connection with wha,t is •said last above the refusal of the affirmative charge on count 4 involved no injury to the defendant.
Having, -as above declared, reached the conclusion that the plaintiff was entitled to the affirmative charge on the question of negligence, i'tl is unnecessary to discuss the refusals of the court to give charges 4, 5, 6 and 7.
We find no ground for reversing the judgment in the record, and it is affirmed.