Soares v. Weitzman

281 Mass. 409 | Mass. | 1933

Wait, J.

The plaintiff sued in three counts: the first for breach of a building contract by failure to pay the balance of the contract price; the second upon quantum meruit and quantum valebant for work and labor and materials furnished in building a house under a contract; the third for extras supplied in the course of such building. The defendant answered. He also filed a declaration in set-off for damages for imperfect work. The plaintiff did not demur. At a trial in a district court, the plaintiff failed on his first count because he had not himself performed fully the contract he had undertaken; he recovered on his second count the unpaid balance of the contract price less the reasonable expense of making good his defaults in his contract work, or, what here was, substantially, the same thing, the difference between the contract price of the building if constructed in strict compliance with the contract and the value of the building as actually constructed; he recovered on his third count the amount found due for such extra work as the judge found was actually done and properly charged for.

The defendant had no right to a recovery on his declaration in set-off, because one can properly set off only liquidated demands, G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 232, § 1, Taylor-Stites Glass Co. v. Manufacturers’ Bottle Co. 201 Mass. 123, 125, and the claim in set-off was not on liquidated demands. He does not suffer, however, for the deduction made from the plaintiff’s claim is practically what the set-off sought. The judge found for the plaintiff. On report the Appellate Division found no reversible error. The case is before us on appeal.

The defendant contends that there is error because both judge and Appellate Division failed to give effect to the principle of our law that one who has deliberately failed in any respect to perform a building contract cannot recover either on the express contract or on a quantum meruit for what he has done properly pursuant to the contract or in substantial compliance with it. There is no dispute in regard to the principles. They have been reiterated. See, for a recent summary, Glazer v. Schwartz, 276 Mass. 54. They need not be again stated here. In the case before us there was conflicting evidence which would justify findings that the completed work did not correspond with the contract in numerous respects, some of a serious nature; that, nevertheless, the departures were not deliberately intended failures to perform the work as undertaken; that substantially he performed the contract; that certain extra work was done with an understanding by owner and builder that it was to be paid for; that, if the contract had been perfectly performed, $1,383.33 would have been due as the balance of the purchase price; that $325.66 was due for extras; that $361 is a reasonable sum to bring the completed work to the contract standard; that deducting $361 from the total of the other items the plaintiff is entitled to $1,347.99 with interest from the date of the writ $13.03, and, therefore, to judgment in $1,361.02 on January 15, 1932.

There was evidence that supports for floors and rafters for roof were inches further apart on centers, and the rafters were smaller in dimension, than the contract called for, so that timber provided for the structure remained unused. This is difficult to reconcile with unintentional failure to live up to the contract; but we do not think we can say that the judge’s conclusion was unwarranted in law as a consequence of the presence of this evidence. The situation differs materially from Smedley v. Walden, 246 Mass. 393. The ruling asked and not given involved a finding of fact which was not required as matter of law. There was no error in refusing it as a ruling of law. The other requests were given; and we cannot properly say that the judge did not in fact give full weight to the principles involved in them in his findings.

Our order must be

Order of Appellate Division dismissing report affirmed.