Snyder v. CoxSnyder v. Cox
- Reporters:
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- Before:
- Stafford
National Union Fire Insurance Company, the garnishee, appeals from an order that dismissed a writ of garnishment with out prejudice to plaintiff Howard A. Snyder’s right-to seek another writ. Snyder cross-appeals from the dismissal.
Snyder recovered a judgment against James E. Cox and wife for damages arising out of an automobile accident. On August 26, 1966, he secured a writ of garnishment that commanded National to answer (1) the amount it was indebted to the Coxes; (2) the effects belonging to the Coxes which it possessed or controlled; and (3) the number of shares in National owned by the Coxes.
National answered by affidavit on October 16, 1966. It asserted (1) National was not then, nor was it at the time the writ was served, indebted to the Coxes; (2) National did not then, nor did it at the time the writ was served, possess or control any personal property or effects of the Coxes; and (3) the Coxes did not then, nor did they at the time the writ was served, own shares of stock in National.
In October of 1967 Snyder noted the case for trial without having filed the controverting affidavit required by
On October 27, 1967, National moved to dismiss the writ with prejudice, alleging that Snyder had failed to file his controverting affidavit. Thereafter, Snyder’s attorney signed and filed an affidavit on October 31, 1967, 13% months after National had filed its answer.
Snyder again noted the case for trial and both matters were heard November 13, 1967. The trial court held that
The argument is without merit. RCW 7,.32.270 specifically provides:
If the answer of the garnishee is controverted, . . . an issue shall be formed, . . . No pleadings shall be necessary . . . other than the affidavit of the plaintiff, the answer of the garnishee and the reply . . . controverting such answer, . . .
(Italics ours.) State ex rel. Gamble v. Superior Court, 190 Wash. 127, 66 P.2d 1135 (1937), provides similarly that a plaintiff’s controverting affidavit is necessary to put the matter at issue. Finally, CR 81 (a) provides for the applicability of the civil rules as follows:
Except where inconsistent with rules or statutes applicable to special proceedings, these rules shall govern all civil proceedings.
(Italics ours.) Title 7 of RCW denominates garnishment actions as special proceedings. The civil rules ‘are inconsistent with the statutory provisions which govern the manner of pleading in such actions. Thus, the civil rules do not apply to the manner of pleading in garnishment proceedings.
Snyder does not deny his failure to sign the controverting affidavit in the manner required by
If the plaintiff should not be satisfied with the answer of the garnishee he may controvert the same by affidavit in writing signed by him, stating that he has good reason to believe and does believe that the answer of the garnishee is incorrect, stating in what particulars he believes the same is incorrect.
Finally, Snyder urges that National’s answer was neither properly signed nor timely filed. The assignment of error is not well taken. The agreed statement of facts does not indicate that the challenge was raised at the trial level. We shall not consider the issue for the first time on appeal. Amsbury v. Cowles Publishing Co., 76 Wn.2d 733, 458 P.2d 882 (1969); In re Estate of Barr, 76 Wn.2d 59, 455 P.2d 585 (1969).
National contends that the trial court erred by failing to dismiss the writ
with prejudice
as required by
and should the answer of the garnishee not be controverted as hereinafter provided, and within the time hereinafter provided, the court shall enter judgment discharging the garnishee.
(Italics ours.) An interpretation of the three italicized portions of the statute is necessary.
Unfortunately, the legislature failed to designate the “time” within which to file a controverting affidavit. The oversight was not rectified until a 20-day time limit was established by Laws of 1969, Ex. Ses., ch. 264, § 24. Nevertheless, the oversight did not completely relieve plaintiffs of the duty to file controverting affidavits. To so hold would reduce the statute to an absurdity.
Service of a writ upon the garnishee and his answer thereto do not put a case at issue.
State ex rel. Gamble v. Superior Court, supra.
At that point no issue exists by which the garnishee may force a trial to resolve the question of his liability. Thus, after the garnishee’s answer is filed the plaintiff must prosecute his proceeding with reasonable diligence.
Wooding v. Puget Sound Nat‘l Bank,
11 Wash. 527, 40 P. 223 (1895) held that a delay of 2 years between service of the writ and citing the garnishee to
The court rules limiting the time within which answers and replies in ordinary pleading may be served and filed furnish a fair guide by which to measure the time that a garnishee should be held by the writ when he denies liability and the statements of facts in his answer are not denied.
The idea is sound. Although the civil rules do not apply to the manner of pleading, the time allotted for filing a controverting affidavit is on a different footing. A statutory void exists in the ‘area of time limitation. As a result, the civil rules are not inconsistent with the applicable statutes and the civil rules apply in that limited area. CR 81(a). Thus, a controverting affidavit must be filed within 20 days, exclusive of the day of service, after the service of the garnishee’s answer. CR 12. 1
Nevertheless, it cannot be said under any interpretation that Snyder filed a controverting affidavit “within the time hereinafter provided” by
The next question is whether the word shall, used to prescribe the action of the court, should be interpreted as mandatory or permissive.
A review of the foregoing statutes indicates that a plaintiff is furnished a valuable remedy provided he complies with certain mandatory procedures. Inasmuch as compliance with the procedures has been declared mandatory, it is logical to conclude the legislature intended that a defendant’s remedy for plaintiff’s noncompliance have an equally imperative result.
The
judgment
to which a garnishee is entitled is a
final determination
of the rights of the parties in the action. CR 54(a)(1).
2
Considering this, we hold the word
shall
must be interpreted as mandatory, subject to the necessary limitation that a proper case has been presented for exercise of the power. In this cause a proper case existed.
The order is remanded to the trial court for modification consistent with this opinion.
Horowitz, A. C. J., and Utter, J., concur.
Petition for rehearing denied January 24, 1970.
Notes
It is interesting to note that Texas has resolved the problem with a similar result.
First Nat’l Bank v. Foley,
26 S.W.2d 314 (Tex. Civ. App. 1930). It used as a guide, the time within which the garnishee was authorized by statute to file his answer. It held the plaintiff was entitled to the same latitude. If that reasoning is converted into the framework of this case, a plaintiff would be required to file a controverting affidavit within 20 days (not to exceed 30 days if he lives outside the county).
The definition of the term
judgment
was the same under