171 Ky. 819 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1916
Opinion of the Court by
Granting appeal, affirming on the cross-appeal and reversing on the original appeal.
On January 13th, 1890, William J. Smith secured from the Travelers Insurance Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, a twenty payment, life policy for the sum of $5,000.00, payable to his legal representatives or assigns. The annual premium was $113.65. The last annual premium was paid on January 13th, 1910, and the policy was then paid up. On March 21st, 1901, the in'sured borrowed $675.00 on the policy. On February
The suit was brought by Viola W. Smith, as administratrix, to settle her deceased husband’s estate. Milton and Hamilton, two of the creditors of the decedent, were made defendants. They attacked the change of the beneficiary as being in fraud of their rights. Issue was joined, and on final hearing- the chancellor entered judgment subjecting the premiums paid on the policy in 1907, 1.908, 1909 and 1910, amounting to $454.60, to the claims of decedent’s creditors. Prom this judgment the administratrix prays an appeal and Milton and Hamilton prosecute a cross-appeal.
Appellant insists that none of the premiums paid on the policy should have been subjected to the debts of the decedent, while appellees contend that either the whole proceeds of the policy or the full amount of the premiums paid thereon should have been subjected.
The case is not controlled by sections 1906 and 1907, of the Kentucky Statutes relating- to fraudulent conveyances, or by section 2128 of the Kentucky Statutes requiring transfers of personal property between husband and wife to be acknowledged and recorded in order to be valid as to third persons. It is controlled by section 654 of the Kentucky Statutes, which is as follows:
“A policy of insurance on the life of any person expressed to be for the benefit of, or duly assigned, transferred, or made payable to any married woman, or to any person in trust for her, or for her benefit, by whomsoever such transfer may be made, shall inure to her separate use and benefit, and that of her children, independently of her husband or his creditors, or any other person effecting- or transferring- the same or his creditors. And a married woman may, without consent of her husband, contract, pay for, take out and hold a policy of insurance upon the life or health of her husband or children, or against loss by his or their disablement by accident, and the premiums paid on any- such policy shall be held to have been her separate estate, and such
Under this section a husband may insure his life in favor of his wife, or may assign to her a policy thereto-, fore obtained, and such policy will inure to her separate use and benefit and that of her children, independently of her husband and his creditors. However, any premiums paid on such a policy by the husband with intent to defraud his creditors, together with interest thereon, may be subjected to the claims of creditors. In other words, the creditors have no claim on the proceeds of the policy as such. They can subject to their debts only the premiums paid thereon with intent to defraud creditors. Clearly, therefore, if the husband be solvent when all the premiums on a paid up policy are paid, the mere fact that he is insolvent when his wife is designated beneficiary in lieu of his estate will not render the premiums paid thereon liable for his debts. However, if he be insolvent when the change of beneficiary is made and also when certain premiums are paid,’ this will be sufficient to show that such premiums were paid with the intent to defraud his creditors and will authorize their subjection to his debts. Levy’s Admr. v. Globe Bank & Trust Company, 143 Ky. 690; Morehead, etc. v. Mayfield, 109 Ky. 51. But clearly the creditors cannot subject any premiums paid when the husband was solvent, for, if solvent, he would have the right to apply his money for that purpose. The evidence in this case shows that the decedent was insolvent when his wife was designated beneficiary, and that such had been his financial condition for some time prior thereto. Indeed we may safely say that he was insolvent when the 1908 premium was paid. But back of that time and before appellees’ debt was created, the evidence is not sufficiently convincing to justify the conclusion that decedent was insolvent. It follows that the premium paid in 1907 should not have been subjected to the claims of creditors. In other respects the judgment is proper.