Smith v. WrightSmith v. Wright
delivered the opinion of the court.
Mrs. Olivene Wright filed a motion for judgment against O. W. Smith to recover damages for injuries alleged to have been received by her when a car negligently driven by Smith ran into the rear of the car driven by her husband, Gilbert Wright, in which she was riding as a passenger. The defendant Smith denied the plaintiff’s
Originally the defendant contended that the verdict at the first trial absolved him of negligence. But in the argument before us he abandoned that contention and now relies upon the position that the verdict at the first trial was a finding by the jury that the condition of which the plaintiff complains was not proximately caused by the collision and by his negligence.
Since the verdict at the first trial was in favor of the defendant, the evidence will be stated and considered in the light most favorable to him. On December 21, 1963, about 4:00 P. M., the Wright car stopped momentarily at a street intersection in the town of Saltville for the traffic ahead to clear. While the Wright car was thus stopped a car driven by the defendant Smith pulled in behind it and came to a stop. As it did so the front bumper of the Smith car lightly “tapped” the rear bumper of the Wright car. Smith said that just before the impact he was going “very slowly,” not more than “two or three miles an hour;” that the impact was so slight that the Wright car “never moved;” and that neither he nor Wright got out at the scene to see whether either car had been damaged. Later, Smith said, he saw Wright at a near-by market and asked him whether his (Wright’s) car had been damaged, to which Wright replied that the only damage done to his car was “a little dent in his license plate,” but that the impact had “ ‘kind of wrenched’ ” Mrs. Wright’s neck. Smith further said that his own car did not have “a scratch on it” as the result of the impact.
Smith also testified that as he was slowing down behind the Wright car he took his eyes from that car, looked around to see whether he could “catch an opening” in the traffic, and that as he did so the impact occurred. He now concedes that he was negligent in this instance.
Wright testified that his car was not damaged by the impact and that he had so told Smith. But, he said, the blow “jerked” his car up.
Although Mrs. Wright testified that she complained to her husband at the scene that “my neck is killing me,” she did not go to see a physician at Saltville. Instead, she and her husband drove that night a distance of twenty-one miles from Saltville to Marion to see Dr. J. Stuart Staley, who Mrs. Wright said had been her physician “for several years” and knew her condition.
Dr. Staley, a physician and surgeon practicing at Marion, testified that he examined Mrs. Wright on the night of the accident, but that she was not a regular patient of his; that he had in fact seen her only once before, in either October or November, 1963. He said she gave as the history of the accident, that while her husband’s car had stopped at a street intersection in Saltville it was “suddenly struck from the rear” by the Smith car which then drove away, 1 and that the force of the impact was such that the Wright car was “knocked into the intersection.” She further told him that immediately after the impact she felt a “sharp, aching pain in the region of her lower dorsal and lumbar spine” which still persisted.
Based on this history and complaint of Mrs. Wright, Dr. Staley was of opinion that she had suffered “a whiplash injury of the cervical and lumbar spine with muscle spasms and associated pain.” He treated her for this from December 21, 1963, when she first came to see him, until February 23, 1965, about ten days before the trial. In the meantime she had been hospitalized under his direction on three occasions in February, May and October, 1964.
Dr. Staley further expressed the opinion that a whiplash injury usually results when “an inert body seated in a vehicle that moves suddenly, sharply or violently and of course the head tends to remain where it is and thereupon the body tends to go forward and then the head follows;” that unless the vehicle were “pushed forward to some extent” a whiplash injury would not result from the impact.
On August 31, 1964, Mrs. Wright was given a complete examina
Dr. McFadden agreed with Dr. Staley that the severity of a “sprain injury,” such as that of which Mrs. Wright complained, would vary with the force of the impact involved in the particular collision. Except for the history of the accident which Mrs. Wright gave Dr. Staley, there is no evidence of a severe impact on this occasion. Neither Mrs. Wright nor her husband contradicted the testimony of Smith that the impact was slight and that neither vehicle was damaged thereby. It is thus clear that the history which Mrs. Wright gave Dr. Staley as to how the accident occurred, and upon which he partly based his diagnosis, was not true.
As we pointed out in a similar situation in
Diggs
v.
Lail,
In accord with this principle the trial court, at the request of the defendant, granted Instruction “C” which read:
“The court instructs the jury that damages are not presumed nor may they be based upon speculation, but must be proven; and the burden is on the plaintiff to prove by a preponderance of the evidence each item and element of damage claimed, and unless such item or element thus claimed is proven by a preponderance of the evidence, the plaintiff cannot recover therefor.
“And if the jury are uncertain as to whether any particular element of damage claimed was caused by the collision, or if it appears just as probable that any injury or element of damage complained of resulted from a cause other than the collision as that it did, then the plaintiff cannot recover therefor.”
Under this instruction, as applied to the related facts and circumstances, the jury were warranted in finding that the plaintiff had
Moreover, the jury had the right to believe from the testimony of Dr. McFadden that the plaintiff had not in fact suffered a whiplash injury, because there had been no evidence of a severe impact, nor, as he said, was there any physical indication to corroborate her contention that she had suffered a long and continuous muscle spasm.
In
Diggs
v.
Lail, supra,
we held that in a personal injury action where there is a conflict in the evidence as to the nature and extent of the plaintiff’s injuries, the jury are the sole judges of the weight and credibility of the evidence and have the right to discard or accept the testimony, or any part thereof, of any witness when considered in connection with the whole evidence before them.
The same principle applies in the situation here. The weight and credibility of the testimony of Mrs. Wright as to the nature and extent of her injuries were for the jury. In passing upon the credibility and weight of her testimony they had the right to take into consideration the fact that she had given Dr. Staley an untrue statement as to how the accident occurred and had falsely told him that Smith had left the scene of the accident. They also had the right to find from her testimony that she had greatly exaggerated her alleged injuries. Obviously, at the first trial, the jury did not accept the plaintiff’s testimony as to the nature and extent of her injuries. It was within their providence to do so.
We are of opinion that the trial court erred in setting aside the verdict of the jury at the first trial. Accordingly, the judgment appealed from will be reversed and a judgment will be here entered on that verdict in favor of the defendant.
Reversed and final judgment.
Notes
(1) Her statement that Smith had thus callously left the scene was contrary to the testimony of both Smith and Wright,