71 Fla. 624 | Fla. | 1916
The defendant in error brought an action of ejectment to recover certain lots of land in Avon Park, DeSoto County, from Norton Smith who is the plaintiff in error here. The plaintiff in the court below claimed title to the lots in controversy under the will of her former husband Frank T. Cullens, who claimed title under a deed from Abbie R. Dodge who claimed under a deed from Andrew L. Pearce as Sheriff of DeSoto County, who levied upon and sold the property under an execution which issued out of the Circuit Court for DeSoto County, “at the suit of the Polk County National Bank
During the progress of the trial the plaintiff introduced in evidence a certified copy of a judgment in favor of Polk County National Bank, and against Florida Development Company, a corporation, and O. M. Crosby. But to the introduction of this paper in evidence the defendant Norton Smith by his attorneys objected, upon several grounds, as follows:
“1. That said judgment was not shown to be a valid judgment.
2. Because said judgment is void for the reason that the wording of same though it purports to be a final judgment, is nothing more than a default.
3. Said judgment was entered by the Clerk of the Court in vacation on a promissory note and the Clerk entered judgment for $175.00 as attorney’s fees.
4. For the further reason that said judgment is immaterial and irrelevant.
5. And because said judgment does not carry the entire record of the case with, and upon, which it is based.”
The copy of the judgment offered in evidence by the plaintiff is in the following form:
“In the Circuit Court of the 6th Judicial Circuit in and for DeSoto County, Florida.
The Polk County National Bank vs. The Florida Development Company, a corporation created and existing under the Laws of the State of Florida, and O. M. Crosby, whose Christian name is unknown to Plaintiff.
Assumpsit Damages $3,000.00.
*627 The above styled cause coming on to be further heard on this the 16th day of September, 1895, and it appearing from the returns of the Sheriff filed herein that the defendants were duly served according to law; that the plaintiff filed its cause of action in said cause the same being a promissory note given by said defendant. It also appearing that defendants filed their appearance according to law but having failed to plead, answer or demur, it further appearing that a default judgment was duly entered up against the defendants for want of such pleadings, it is therefore ordered and adjudged that the defendants are due the plaintiff the sum of Fifteen Hundred Dollars as principal and Fifty Dollars accrued interest to this date, also One Hundred and Seventy-five Dollars attorneys fee, together with Thirteen Dollars and eighty-six cents cost in said cause by it expended and that execution issue therefor.
Witness my hand and official seal at Arcadia, Fla., date above written.
(Seal) John H. Alford, Clerk.”
The plaintiff also offered in evidence a paper called a stipulation, which was signed by the attorneys appearing in the case for Norton Smith and in his behalf whereby it was agreed that the title to the lots in controversy became vested in the Florida Development Co., a corporation, by sufficient deeds of conveyance therein enumerated, beginning with the Patent of the United States to the State of Florida, dated February 14, 1880. The last clause of the stipulation is in the following words: “The defendant further stipulates that there was issued out of the Circuit Court of DeSoto County, Florida, on the 16th day of September, 1895, an execution, sufficient in form and substance, upon a judgment before then
The defendant’s attorneys objected to the reading in evidence of the last paragraph of the stipulation quoted above upon the grounds: “1st. Because a valid judgment has not yet been issued. 2nd. Because same is irrelevant and immaterial.”
Both of these objections the court overruled, to which rulings the defendant excepted. A jury was waived by the parties and the issues tried by the Judge. Objections were also interposed by the defendant and overruled by the court to the introduction in evidence of the sheriff’s deed to Abbie R. Dodge, the latter’s deed to Frank Cullens and a certified copy of the latter’s will and probate of same. Those objections being all based upon the alleged invalidity of the judgment against the Florida Development Company and O. M. Crosby in favor of The Polk County National Bank, a certified copy of which had been admitted in evidence over the defendant’s objections. These and other rulings of the court constitute the basis of the thirteen errors assigned. Only one assignment of error is discussed by the attorneys for plaintiff in error, and that one raises the question of the admissibility in evidence of the certified copy of the judgment in favor of the Polk County National Bank against the Florida Development Company and O. M. Crosby.
The contention is made that the judgment is void because not in due form, and being void the proceedings based upon it were without authority of law. That the sheriff’s deed to Abbie R. Dodge, therefore, was a nullity
The plaintiff in error in this case contends that there was no judgment, not that the judgment was erroneous or voidable, but that the so-called judgment of the court, a certified copy of which was offered in evidence, is not in fact a judgment of the court, but a mere finding of the clerk as to the defendant’s indebtedness to the plaintiff and the amount due, and was not such an adjudication as concluded the matter in controversy between the parties upon which legal process for its enforcement could issue.
An inspection of the document reveals the names of the parties plaintiff and defendant, the court in which the action was pending; that the action was upon a written instrument for the payment of money, that the defendants had been duly served with process and had appeared to the action, but had failed to plead or demur, and that a default had been duly entered against the defendants for their failure to plead or demur, and that the plaintiff had produced and filed the written instrument for the payment of money upon which the action was founded. It further appears that the Clerk of the Court undertook to enter final judgment for the plaintiff against the defendants under Section 1035 Revised Statutes of 1892, Section 1425 General Statutes of 1906. This statute provides that the Clerk “Shall assess the amount which
In the case of Blount v. Gallaher, 22 Fla. 92, the court held that a final judgment entered by the Clerk should set forth fully what evidence was produced by the plaintiff to enable the Clerk' to ascertain and assess the damages and to show what was the basis of the judgment. This strict conformity to the statute is required because the Clerk acts in a mere ministerial capacity, he is a mere agent by whom the judgment authorized by the statute is written out and placed among the records of the court. In support of this view the court quoted from the language of Mr. Justice Field in Kelly v. Van Austin, 17 Cal. 564. The judgment in the case of Blount v. Gallaher, supra, was defective in that it did not show what evidence was produced by the plaintiff to enable the Clerk to assess the damage and to show what was the basis of the judgment. No such criticism however can be made of the judgment involved in this case. There was on file the written instrument upon which the action was founded and the Clerk assessed the amount which the plaintiff was entitled to recover for the principal and interest, although it does not appear that in assessing the amount due by the defendants, the Clerk acted upon the proofs produced and filed upon the entry of default. Ropes v. Snyder Harris Bassett Co., 37 Fla. 529, 20 South. Rep. 535. But assuming that the Clerk acted upon the proofs produced in assessing the amount due by the defendants, an assumption which in view of the statute, rules of court and the decisions of the Supreme Court is of exceedingly doubtful propriety, he did nothing more than assess the amount due, and there stopped, the words with
The power given by the statute does not appear to have been strictly pursued by the Clerk in assessing the amount due, in that the record failed to show that the Clerk acted upon the proofs produced upon the entry of default when he assessed the amount which the plaintiff was entitled to recover, nor was the power to enter up judgment for the same attempted to be exercised at all.
We think therefore that the fourth assignment is well taken.