49 Mass. 329 | Mass. | 1844
The claim of the plaintiff is for the pilotage of the defendants’ ship from Tarpaulin Cove to Woods Hole ; and the only question is, whether the plaintiff was authorized to act as pilot for ships bound into that port. This question must be settled by a reference to his warrant of appointment, and to the statute provisions relating to pilotage. By the terms of his warrant, he is constituted a branch pilot for the coast of Martha’s Vineyard, and over Nantucket Shoals, and is authorized to receive fees for piloting vessels to the ports (among others) of Holmes Hole and Falmouth.
By the Rev. Sts. c. 32, ■<§> 5, the governor is empowered to appoint pilots for the several harbors and coasts of the State, excepting where special provision is otherwise made, giving to each pilot a warrant for the due execution of his office. And by <§> 9, the number of boats to be kept by the respective branch pilots is specified; among which are four for the coasts of Martha’s Vineyard ; and it is required that the said boats shall cruise on the pilot ground of their respective stations.
The defendants maintain that the statute regulating pilotage, and the warrant under which the plaintiff acted, are to receive a strict construction, being made in derogation of the common law rights of the citizens. Under such a rule of construction, it is contended that Falmouth is not within the jurisdiction of pilots appointed for Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket Shoals, because Falmouth is not united to it by the statute, and consequently an authority is given, in the warrant, which is not justified by the law. We think this is a mistaken view of the subject. The laws respecting pilotage are not in derogation or contravention of common law rights. They are not, in our opinion, connected with, nor do they proceed from, the common law. They are rather to be classed under the head of the maritime law, which is not the particular law of England, but a part of the law of nations. This subordinate but highly useful branch of the marine law, regulating pilots and pilotage, has long been enforced by positive statute provisions ; and from the very nature of the subject, these provisions are entitled to a liberal construction, in order to give full efficiency to laws
By the statute, the governor is authorized, with certain exceptions, to appoint pilots for the several harbors and coasts of this State; and as the ports in Falmouth are not specially designated as attached to a particular district, he may, by force of the statute, assign them to such pilots as are best situated to serve most promptly vessels belonging or bound to those ports. And we think his decision is conclusive as to such designation. But if it were not so, we are satisfied, from the districts created by the act, that to no pilots could the harbor of Falmouth be more appropriately assigned than to those of Martha’s Vineyard, and the coasts adjoining.
We think, therefore, that the warrant is not only of sufficient extent to cover the plaintiff’s case, but that, by the provision for taking fees for piloting vessels to the ports of Holmes Hole and Falmouth, those ports are specially designated and included in the warrant; unless there is weight in the defendants’ objection that the particular port of Woods Hole was not intended to be embraced within the warrant.
To sustain this objection, the defendants offered to prove that there was another ship harbor in the town of Falmouth, four or five miles from Woods Hole, and that by the terms, port ot Falmouth, was generally understood the port at Falmouth town, and that such evidence was admissible on the ground of a latent ambiguity in the description of ports in the warrant. The terms used are, “the ports of Holmes Hole and Falmouth,” and it is contended that these words include the single port of Holmes Hole, and the port of Falmouth, which, as is alleged, is not that of Woods Hole. But we are of opinion, that the language used is broad enough to include all the ports in Falmouth, there being more than one, and that Woods Hole, being within that town, and on that coast, and still nearer to Martha’s Vineyard, is as clearly designated and embraced in its terms, as the harbor at Falmouth town ; and that there is no latent ambiguity in the description of the ports, which calls for extrinsic evidence to give it effect. And if we had any doubt
The ship owners of Woods Hole would hardly think a Vineyard pilot, who was directed to pilot vessels to Falmouth, justified in withholding his services in the hour of danger, because Woods Hole was not enumerated, in his warrant, as one of the ports of Falmouth. They would rather insist on a construction which would confer protection, and best subserve the great object of the pilotage laws.
The defendants having failed to show that Woods Hole is embraced within any specified district, or is included under any other branch or commission, or that any distinct provision is made for that harbor, except as a port in Falmouth, the objections taken in the court below cannot be sustained, and there must be judgment for the plaintiff.