Smith v. StateSmith v. State
A Cobb County jury found Danny Ray Smith guilty of rape, four counts of child molestation, two counts of sexual battery, and one count of sexual exploitation of children. On appeal, Smith claims that the trial court erred in allowing into evidence a videotape and two pornographic magazines. We disagree and affirm.
1. Smith claims that the trial court erred in admitting a videotape into evidence over his objection that the videotape had not been properly authenticated. 1 We disagree.
Evidence at trial showed that Smith owned a video camera which he used to tape the molestation victims, nine-year-old K. R. and eleven- or twelve-year-old N. G. During the investigation of the case, the victims’ mother delivered Smith’s video camera and a videotape to the investigating detective. The detective viewed the original videotape. She also viewed the videotape which had been copied from the original cassette tape onto a larger VHS cassette tape for presentation in court, and confirmed at trial that the copy of the videotape was a fair and accurate depiction of the original. She also testified at trial that the videotape presented to the jury had not been altered, edited, or changed in any way from the original.
The tape contained three segments. The first segment showed victim K. R. Smith does not argue that any prejudicial material is depicted in this segment. The second segment showed N. G. sleeping *659 partially nude, in her underwear. The camera was alternately focused upon the child’s breast and vaginal areas. The third segment showed Smith, K. R., and N. G. passing the camera back and forth. The camera zoomed in and out of N. G.’s vaginal area. The detective recognized Smith’s voice in the second and third segments.
(a) Smith claims that the videotape was not properly authenticated because there was no witness identification of the scenes or events shown on the tape. Smith did not testify at trial and neither K. R. nor N. G. was asked about the events recorded on the videotape.
In this case, the trial court concluded that the videotape was admissible under
Subject to any other valid objection, photographs, motion pictures, videotapes, and audio recordings shall be admissible in evidence when necessitated by the unavailability of a witness who can provide personal authentication and when the court determines, based on competent evidence presented to the court, that such items tend to show reliably the fact or facts for which the items are offered.
The trial court properly concluded that Smith, who did not testify and was privileged to exercise his right against self-incrimination, was unavailable to provide personal authentication of the videotape. See
In order for the videotape to be admissible under
We do not reach the same result as to the events portrayed in the first and third segments of the videotape. The victims were not sleeping in these segments of the videotape, and K. R. and N. G., both of whom testified at trial, were available to authenticate these portions of the videotape. Neither child was asked during her testimony to confirm that the videotape accurately portrayed the events they had witnessed. Accordingly, we cannot find that those portions of the videotape were properly authenticated. See
Phagan v. State,
However, Smith objected to the admission of the videotape as a whole, and did not object to any particular segment of the tape or request that any specific portion be excluded. “Upon the tender of demonstrative or documentary evidence, part of which is admissible and part inadmissible, and the objection is to the evidence as a whole, it is not error to admit it all.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.)
Morrill v. State,
(b) Smith also contends that the videotape was not properly authenticated because the State failed to show chain of custody or proof that the camera was working properly. However, the State was not required to show chain of custody because a videotape is “a distinct recognizable physical object that can be identified upon observation.”
Gadson v. State,
As to Smith’s contention that the State failed to show that the video camera was working properly, the evidence showed that the camera was working at least well enough for the events and persons portrayed thereon to be recognizable. “The fact that the tape[ ] exist[s] at all is evidence that the tape recorder was functional and that [Smith] knew how to operate it.”
Willett v. Russell M. Stookey, P.C.,
In view of the foregoing, we conclude that the videotape was not inadmissible on the grounds asserted by Smith. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing the videotape into evidence over Smith’s objection that it was not properly authenticated. See
Ross v. State,
2. (a) The State also introduced into evidence over Smith’s objection two sexually explicit magazines entitled “Barely Legal” and “Finally Legal” which were shown to have been in Smith’s possession. Smith contends that the trial court erred in admitting the magazines because they did not exhibit his lustful disposition toward the charged sexual activity.
In a prosecution for a sexual offense, evidence of sexual paraphernalia found in defendant’s possession is inadmissible unless it shows defendant’s lustful disposition toward the sexual activity with which he is charged or his bent of mind to engage in that activity. Under this rule, sexually explicit material cannot be introduced merely to show a defendant’s interest in sexual activity. It can only be admitted if it can be linked to the crime charged.
Simpson v. State,
Smith argues that while the magazines are sexually explicit, they depict women over the age of 18 and are probative only of his healthy interest in adult sexual activity. The trial court, however, concluded that “the whole idea [of the magazines] is to attract men... who like very young women.” This characterization is well supported. Both magazines contain photographs of nude young women in sexually provocative positions. The captions on the cover of “Barely Legal” include “I still feel like a virgin,” and “angel’s face is innocent.” The cover of “Finally Legal” promises “Training Bra Dropout” and “Big Girl’s Boobies on a Li’l Girl’s Body.” The trial court was entitled to conclude that Smith’s possession of the magazines exhibited at least a lustful disposition toward sexual activity with minor females. The
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trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing the magazines into evidence.
See Lunsford v. State,
(b) Smith also argues that the trial court erred in allowing a “sexual videotape” into evidence because it did not show his bent of mind to engage in the charged activities. Our review of the trial exhibits indicates that the only videotape put into evidence by the State, other than videotaped interviews of the victims, was the homemade videotape discussed above in Division 1. That videotape was relevant and admissible as primary evidence of the sexual exploitation charge alleged in the indictment in that the indictment alleged that Smith “did video [N. G.’s] vaginal area while sleeping, which was lewd exhibition of the pubic area of said minor.” See
Judgment affirmed.
Notes
Smith’s enumeration of error also claims that the magazines were not properly authenticated, but he presents no argument on this issue. The claim of error is deemed abandoned. Court of Appeals Rule 25 (c) (2).