Case Information
*1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VICKY SMITH,
Plaintiff
v. Civil Action No. 15-1226 (CKK) FREDERICK B. HENDRICKS, M.D., et al. ,
Defendants MEMORANDUM OPINION (October 22, 2015)
Plaintiff Vicky Smith brought this action in the District of Columbia Superior Court against Defendants Dr. Frederick Hendricks, Medical Faculty Associates, Inc., and Boston Scientific in relation to injuries that she allegedly suffered after she was implanted with the “Advantage Transvaginal Mid-Urethral sling system.” Compl. ¶ 27. Defendant Boston Scientific subsequently removed the case to this Court. Plaintiff brings medical malpractice claims against MFA and against Dr. Hendricks (collectively, the “Healthcare Provider Defendants”) and product liability claims against Boston Scientific. Presently before this Court are the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ [8] Motion to Dismiss; the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ [11] Motion to Sever Claims Against Them and Remand Said Claims to D.C. Superior Court; Plaintiff’s [16] Motion to Remand the Case Back to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia; and Boston Scientific’s [12] Motion to Stay All Proceedings Pending Transfer to MDL No. 2326. In essence, Plaintiff seeks to have the entire case remanded to the Superior Court; by contrast, all of the defendants argue that the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants should be severed and remanded to the Superior Court (insofar as this Court does not dismiss them) while the *2 claims against Boston Scientific remain in federal district court. Meanwhile, Boston Scientific has requested that the Panel on Multi-District Litigation transfer this case to the Southern District of West Virginia as part of the multi-district litigation pending there, under the caption In re Boston Scientific Corp. Pelvic Repair System Products Liability Litigation (MDL No. 2326), and has moved to stay the proceedings in this Court pending transfer to the Southern District of West Virginia.
The key threshold question is whether the Court has jurisdiction over this action in the first instance. In particular, the question is whether the citizenship of the Healthcare Provider Defendants can be disregarded for the diversity analysis in light of Defendants’ arguments that they were either fraudulently or improperly joined. The Court’s resolution of the other issues in the pending motions follows from its analysis of the jurisdictional question. The Court concludes that, although none of the Defendants were fraudulently joined, the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants were not properly joined to the claims against Boston Scientific. The Court concludes that it is proper to sever the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants and sever those Defendants, pursuant to Rule 21, preserving jurisdiction over the claims against Boston Scientific. Because the Court does not have jurisdiction over the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants, the Court holds in abeyance those defendants’ motion to dismiss and remands that motion and the associated claims to the Superior Court. Therefore, upon consideration of the pleadings, the relevant legal authorities, and the record for purposes *3 of this motion, the Court HOLDS IN ABEYANCE and REMANDS the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ [8] Motion to Dismiss for the District of Columbia Superior Court to decide that motion; GRANTS the Health Care Provider Defendants’ [11] Motion to Sever Claims Against Them and Remand Said Claims to D.C. Superior Court; and DENIES Plaintiff’s [16] Motion to Remand the Case Back to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. The Court SEVERS the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants, SEVERS those defendants as parties, and REMANDS those claims back to the Superior Court. Having done so, the Court GRANTS Boston Scientific’s [12] Motion to Stay All Proceedings Pending Transfer to MDL No. 2326 and STAYS this action until further order of the Court.
I. BACKGROUND
For the purposes of the motions before the Court, the Court accepts as true the well-
pleaded allegations in Plaintiff’s Complaint. The Court does “not accept as true, however, the
plaintiff’s legal conclusions or inferences that are unsupported by the facts alleged.”
Ralls Corp.
v. Comm. on Foreign Inv. in U.S.
,
• Defs.’ Dr. Hendrick’s and MFA’s Defendants’ Motion to Sever Claims Against Them and Remand Said Claims to D.C. Superior Court (“Mot. to Sever”), ECF No. 11; Pl.’s Opp’n to Mot. to Sever, ECF No. 17; and Healthcare Provider Defs.’ Reply to Mot. to Sever, ECF No. 21;
• Plaintiff’s Motion to Remand the Case Back to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia (“Mot. to Remand”), ECF No. 16; Def. Boston Scientific’s Mem. of Points & Auth. in Opp’n to Mot. to Remand (“Boston Scientific’s Opp’n to Mot. to Remand”), ECF No. 22;
• and Boston Scientific’s Motion to Stay All Proceedings Pending Transfer to MDL No. 2326 (“Mot. to Stay”), ECF No. 12.
In an exercise of its discretion, the Court finds that holding oral argument in this action would not be of assistance in rendering a decision. LCvR 7(f).
Boston Scientific produces, designs, researches, distributes, sells, and promotes the Advantage Transvaginal Mid-Urethral Sling System (“Advantage”), which consists of implanted surgical mesh devices, as a treatment for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Compl. ¶ 14. On October 20, 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) issued a Public Health Notification to health care practitioners regarding adverse events relating to mesh products that had been reported to the FDA. Id. ¶ 61. On July 13, 2011, the FDA updated its Public Health Notification regarding “serious complications associated with surgical mesh for transvaginal mesh.” Id. ¶ 62. Although the FDA did not address specific manufacturers or brand names in its Public Health Notification, the FDA Manufacturers and User Facility Device Experience database includes hundreds of injury reports arising from Advantage implants. Id. ¶ 64. Boston Scientific continued to promote Advantage and continues to claim that its reformed model Advantage Fit System provides safe and effective alternatives to other treatments. Id. ¶ 71. Boston Advantage has not included warnings or adverse event disclosures on its web page or brochures for the Advantage Fit System. Id. ¶ 72. Plaintiff further alleges that Boston Scientific knew or should have known that Advantage was defective, id. ¶ 65, and that Boston Scientific failed to disclose complications and adverse events arising from the use of Advantage, id. ¶ 70.
Meanwhile, on April 9, 2012, Plaintiff was referred to Medical Faculty Associates with complaints of recurrent urinary tract infections and stress urinary incontinence. Id. ¶ 18. After several initial tests and consultation with Dr. Hendricks, id. ¶¶ 19-21, Dr. Hendricks performed surgery on Plaintiff on June 21, 2012, including a cystoscopy and implanting the Advantage sling system, id. ¶ 27. While Dr. Hendricks recorded in Plaintiff’s medical records that he had a thorough discussion with Plaintiff prior to the operation, Plaintiff alleges that she did not receive an explanation and that they did not have any discussion. Id. ¶¶ 22-23. Plaintiff maintains that *5 she did not receive any literature other than a “simple consent form,” and that she never received any information regarding complications with the use of the mesh device. Id. ¶¶ 23, 25. Plaintiff began experiencing full scale abdominal pain on June 23, 2012, id. ¶ 28, and additional complications and adverse events followed, including continuous post-menopausal bleeding and sever lower back pain, id. ¶ 33. After receiving subsequent treatment and surgery at Providence Hospital in 2013, id. ¶¶ 33-39, Plaintiff was seen again by Dr. Hendricks during April and May 2014, id. ¶¶ 40-44. Subsequently, Plaintiff continued to suffer adverse health effects and was treated by other medical practitioners, including surgery that was conducted by those practitioners. See id. ¶¶ 45-55.
Plaintiff filed the Complaint in the District of Columbia Superior Court on June 22, 2015—which Boston Scientific subsequently removed to this Court—bringing claims in connection with medical complications that allegedly resulted from medical procedures that Defendant Dr. Frederick Hendricks performed on Plaintiff, including implanting the Boston Scientific Advantage Transvaginal Mid-Urethral sling system. Plaintiff brings claims for medical negligence (count I) and lack of informed consent (count II) against Dr. Hendricks and against Medical Faculty Associates, the medical practice of which Dr. Hendricks is an employee or agent. Id. ¶¶ 76-77. Plaintiff brings claims against Boston Scientific for negligent manufacture of a defective product (count III), breach of duty to warn (count IV), negligent product design (count V), breach of implied warranty of merchantability (count VI), breach of implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose (count VII), breach of express warranty (count VIII), fraudulent misrepresentation (count IX), and fraud by concealment (count XI). In addition, Plaintiff also brings a claims for violation of the D.C. consumer protection statutes against both Dr. Hendricks and Boston Scientific (count X). In addition to the damages that Plaintiff seeks *6 with respect to the individual claims, Plaintiff seeks punitive damages from all defendants (count XII). Defendant Boston Scientific filed the [1] Notice of Removal on July 29, 2015, and the motions that are now pending before the Court were subsequently filed and briefed.
II. LEGAL STANDARD
“Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction” and can adjudicate only those cases
entrusted to them by the Constitution or an Act of Congress.
Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co.
of Am.
,
III. DISCUSSION
The Court first considers whether there is diversity jurisdiction over this action under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). The Court next considers whether Defendant Boston Scientific, who removed the action to this Court under the general removal statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a), properly *7 complied with the requirements of the removal statute, specifically with respect to the forum defendant rule and with respect to the requirement that properly joined defendants join in or consent to the removal. 28 U.S.C. § 1441(b)(2) (forum defendant rule); id. § 1446(b)(2)(A) (consent requirement). The Court lastly considers the Healthcare Provider Defendants motion to dismiss and Boston Scientific’s request to stay this action.
A. Diversity Jurisdiction
Plaintiff argues that this Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction over this action because there is not complete diversity among the parties. Defendant Boston Scientific argues that there is subject matter jurisdiction because the citizenship of the Healthcare Provider Defendants should be disregarded because those parties were misjoined (that is, improperly joined). The Healthcare Provider Defendants argue that there is no subject matter jurisdiction over the claims against them and that the claims against them should be severed and remanded to the D.C. Superior Court because they were improperly joined to the claims against Boston Scientific. All of the defendants argue that, even if the Court determines that joinder is proper, the Court should exercise its discretion under Rule 21 to sever the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants, remand those claims to the D.C. Superior Court, and exercise jurisdiction over the claims against Boston Scientific.
“ ‘The usual rule is that removability is determined from the record before the court at
the time the notice of removal ... is filed in federal court.’ ”
Henok v. JPMorgan Chase Bank,
N.A.
, No. CV 12-0292 (PLF),
Altogether, Defendants suggest three possible bases for disregarding the citizenship of
the Healthcare Provider Defendants in determining whether there is complete diversity among
the parties: that the Healthcare Provider Defendants were fraudulently joined to this action; that
the claims against those defendants were misjoined (or improperly joined) to the claims against
Boston Scientific and must be severed pursuant to Rule 21; and that, in the alternative, the Court
should exercise its discretion to sever the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants in
*9
order to exercise diversity jurisdiction over the claims against Boston Scientific. The Court notes
at the outset that, despite some lack of precision in the language the parties use to discuss
misjoinder and fraudulent joinder, the Court concludes that fraudulent joinder and misjoinder are
distinct bases for disregarding the citizenship of a nondiverse defendant, with a separate analysis
required for each of those bases.
Kips Bay Endoscopy Ctr., PLLC v. Travelers Indem. Co.
,
No. 14 CIV. 7153 ER,
1. Fraudulent Joinder
“The fraudulent joinder doctrine allows the Court to ‘disregard, for jurisdictional
purposes, the citizenship of certain nondiverse defendants, assume jurisdiction over a case,
dismiss the nondiverse defendants, and thereby retain jurisdiction.’ ”
Walter E. Campbell Co. v.
Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc.
,
The Court begins with the second prong: in this case, there is no suggestion that Plaintiff has “fraudulently pled jurisdictional facts.” There is no dispute regarding the actual citizenship of the parties, and the parties acknowledge that, if the citizenship of all parties is considered, complete diversity is absent from this case. Next, the Court turns to the question of whether there is “no possibility the plaintiff can establish a cause of action against the resident defendant”—in other words, whether there is no possibility that Plaintiff’s claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants can succeed. Importantly, it is unclear whether the Defendants, in fact, press this argument. Nowhere does Boston Scientific explicitly lay out this argument despite its references to cases discussing fraudulent joinder. In the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ motion to dismiss, they argue that the Court should dismiss all claims against them. While the Healthcare Provider Defendants do not explicitly link those arguments to their argument that they were fraudulently joined as defendants, the Court briefly considers this prong of the fraudulent joinder doctrine in the interest of completeness and because of the interrelated nature of the arguments in the motions pending before the Court.
The Healthcare Provider Defendants argue, in their motion to dismiss, that this Court has
no subject matter jurisdiction over the claims against them because Plaintiff failed to comply
with the 90-day pre-suit notice requirement for medical malpractice claims under the D.C.
Code. D.C. Code § 16–2802(a) (“Any person who intends to file an action in the court
*11
alleging medical malpractice against a healthcare provider shall notify the intended defendant of
his or her action not less than 90 days prior to filing the action.”). The Healthcare Provider
Defendants acknowledge that trial courts are “authorized … to waive § 16–2802(a)’s notice
requirement whenever such a waiver is in the interests of justice.”
Lewis v. Washington Hosp.
Ctr.
,
subject jurisdiction without discussion of jurisdictional nature of notice requirement)
with Lewis
v. Washington Hosp. Ctr.
,
2. Misjoinder
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20, multiple defendants may be joined in one
action if “(A) any right to relief is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative
with respect to or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or
occurrences; and (B) any question of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the
action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2). “Misjoinder of parties is not a ground for dismissing an action.”
Fed. R. Civ. P. 21. Instead, a “court may at any time, on just terms, add or drop a party.”
Id.
“The
court may also sever any claim against a party.”
Id.
“ ‘[I]t is well settled that Rule 21 invests
district courts with authority to allow a dispensable nondiverse party to be dropped at any time,
even after judgment has been rendered.”
Grupo Dataflux v. Atlas Global Grp., L.P.
, 541 U.S.
567, 572-73 (2004) (quoting
Newman-Green,
The Court turns to the first prong of the standard under Rule 20(a)(2)—whether the relief asserted against the defendants “with respect to or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2)(A). Plaintiff claims that this prong is satisfied because Dr. Hendricks implanted the device produced by Boston Scientific during the surgery he performed on Plaintiff. Pl.’s Opp’n to Defs.’ Mot. to Sever at 5. Plaintiff further claims that “the presence of mesh device in the body of the Plaintiff is a direct function of the manufacture and distribution of the device to Defendants Hendricks and MFA for use in the surgery performed on Plaintiff.” Id. Defendants argue that the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants arise out of different transactions or occurrences—specifically, the care and treatment of Plaintiff for urological complaints—than the claims against Boston Scientific—which arise out of Boston Scientific’s research, testing, and disclosure of information relating to the Advantage system. The Court agrees with the Healthcare Provider Defendants. It is immaterial that the claims are linked, in some sense, as Plaintiff claims: if Boston Scientific had never manufactured the Advantage system, Dr. Hendricks could never have performed surgery on Plaintiff that entailed implanting the Advantage system. However, the applicable test for joinder requires more. The question is whether Plaintiff seeks relief from the several defendants “arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences.” The Court concludes that the Complaint does not meet this standard. Count I and II are brought against the Healthcare Provider Defendants on the basis of the events surrounding their treatment of Plaintiff. Counts III through IX and Count XI are brought against Boston *14 Scientific on the basis of products liability, including claims regarding alleged defectiveness of the Advantage system and claims regarding the failure of Boston Scientific to disclose adverse information regarding the Advantage System. The only substantive claim brought against one of the Healthcare Defendants and against Boston Scientific is Count X, involving a claim for violation of the D.C. consumer protection statutes against both Dr. Hendricks and Boston Scientific, which alleges that neither defendants informed her fully or provided an alternative that would allow her to make an informed decision about her medical treatment. Compl. ¶ 142. The claims against Boston Scientific, which pertain to products liability, do not arise out of the same transactions or occurrences as the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants, which relate to medical malpractice by those defendants treating Plaintiff. The fact that Plaintiff claims that both the Healthcare Provider Defendants and Boston Scientific should have provided additional information to her regarding the Advantage system does not change this conclusion. Plaintiff’s interactions—or lack thereof—with Boston Scientific and with the Healthcare Provider Defendants are wholly distinct. The factual basis for the claims against Boston Scientific pertains to the research, development, production, and marketing of the Advantage system; the factual basis for the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants pertains to Plaintiff’s treatment by and interaction with her healthcare providers. Accordingly, the Court concludes that Complaint does not satisfy the requirements of the first prong of Rule 20(a)(2) with respect to the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants.
*15
Indeed, this conclusion accords with that of several other district courts that have
considered the propriety of joinder in cases where medical malpractice claims were joined with
product liability claims.
See, e.g.
,
In re Stryker Rejuvenate & ABG II Hip Implant Products Liab.
Litig.
, No. CIV. 13-1811 DWF/FLN,
Because the Court concludes that the claims against Boston Scientific do not arise out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences as the claims against the Healthcare Provide Defendants, the Court concludes that the defendants are improperly joined in this case, and the Court need not consider Defendants’ additional argument that there *16 are no common questions of law or fact between the claims against Boston Scientific and the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants.
Under Rule 21, the Court may sever any party if “they are not indispensable and if there
would be no prejudice to the parties.”
In re Lorazepam & Clorazepate Antitrust Litig.
, 631 F.3d
at 542;
see also
Fed. R. Civ. P. 21. Given that there is no basis for permissive joinder of the
claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants, it is necessarily true that the Healthcare
Provider Defendant are not necessary (or “indispensable,” according to the former language of
the rules) parties who must be joined pursuant to Rule 19 in order for this action to proceed.
Indeed, there would be no basis for the Court to conclude that, without the Healthcare Provider
Defendants, “the court cannot accord complete relief among existing parties.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
19(a)(1)(A). Nor would the Court have any basis to conclude that the Healthcare Provider
Defendants “claim[] an interest relating to the subject of the action and is so situated that
disposing of the action in [their] absence may … (i) as a practical matter impair or impede [their]
ability to protect the interest; or (ii) leave an existing party subject to a substantial risk of
incurring double, multiple, or otherwise inconsistent obligations because of the interest.” Fed. R.
Civ. P. 19(a)(1)(B). Finally, Plaintiff has not identified any prejudice to severing and remanding
the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants to the D.C. Superior Court while the
claims against Boston Scientific are litigated in federal court. Therefore, pursuant to Rule 21, the
Court severs the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants and remands those claims
and defendants to the D.C. Superior Court.
In re Lorazepam & Clorazepate Antitrust Litig.
,
Under “the fiction that Rule 21 relates back to the date of the complaint [,] the court may
proceed as if the nondiverse parties were never part of the case.”
Id.
(citation omitted).
*17
Accordingly, by disregarding the presence of the Healthcare Provider Defendants and their
citizenship, there is complete diversity between Plaintiff and Boston Scientific, and the Court has
subject matter jurisdiction over the remaining claims and parties in this case pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1332. Finally, because the Court concludes that it has subject matter jurisdiction over
this case as a result of the conclusion that the Healthcare Provider Defendants were misjoined,
the Court need not determine whether it would exercise its discretion under Rule 21 to sever the
claims, absent misjoinder, merely to preserve jurisdiction against Boston Scientific.
In re
Lorazepam & Clorazepate Antitrust Litig.
,
B. Compliance with the Removal Statutes
While the Court has concluded that it has diversity jurisdiction over the claims against Boston Scientific under section 1332 by virtue of the severance and remand of the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21, the Court now considers Plaintiff’s arguments that Boston Scientific did not properly comply with the substantive and procedural requirements of the removal statute. However, in light of the Court’s conclusion above that the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants were improperly joined to the claims against Boston Scientific, little additional analysis is needed for the Court to *18 determine that Boston Scientific has, in fact, complied with the applicable requirements of the removal statute.
First, Plaintiff argues that removal was improper under 28 U.S.C. § 1441 because the Healthcare Provider Defendants are citizens of the District of Columbia and because the forum defendant rule bars removal in these circumstances. Pursuant to section 1441, “[a] civil action otherwise removable solely on the basis of the jurisdiction under section 1332(a) of this title [the statutory basis for diversity jurisdiction] may not be removed if any of the parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants is a citizen of the State in which such action is brought.” 28 U.S.C § 1441(b)(2) (emphasis added). In her motion to remand, Plaintiff argues that the notice of removal is improper in light of this rule because the Healthcare Provider Defendants are “citizen[s] of the State in which such action is brought”—the District of Columbia. However, Plaintiff ignores a key element of the statutory provision—that it applies only to “parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants.” Id. (emphasis added). Because the Healthcare Provider Defendants are not properly joined as defendants, as the Court determined above, the forum defendant rule is inapplicable and does not render the Notice of Removal improper.
Second, Plaintiff argues that removal was procedurally improper because the Healthcare Provider Defendants did not consent to the removal. Pursuant to section 1446, “[w]hen a civil action is removed solely under section 1441(a), all defendants who have been properly joined and served must join in or consent to the removal of the action.” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(2)(A) *19 (emphasis added). Once again Plaintiff ignores a key element of this statutory provision—that it applies only to “who have been properly joined and served.” Id. (emphasis added). Because the Healthcare Provider Defendants are not properly joined as defendants, as the Court concluded above, the Court finds that the consent requirement is inapplicable and does not render the Notice of Removal improper.
In sum, in light of the Court’s conclusion that the Healthcare Provider Defendants were not properly joined to this action, the Notice of Removal was substantively and procedural proper. Having rejected Plaintiff’s arguments that the claims against all of the defendants in this case must be remanded to the D.C. Superior Court, this Court concludes that it has jurisdiction over the claims against Boston Scientific.
*20 C. Remaining Issues
The Healthcare Provider Defendants argue that the Court should consider their motion to dismiss prior to their motion to sever and remand. The Court disagrees. The Healthcare Provider Defendants’ proposed sequencing would not be proper because the Court concluded above that it is necessary to resolve the motion to sever and remand in order to determine whether the Court has jurisdiction over this case in the first stance. Therefore, the Court only considered the Healthcare Providers Defendants’ arguments in favor of dismissal in the context of the parties’ fraudulent joinder arguments. Having concluded that there is no fraudulent joinder in this case and having concluded that it was necessary to sever the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants and remand them to the D.C. Superior Court in order to exercise jurisdiction over any claims in this case, it would be advisable to hold in abeyance and remand the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ motion to dismiss as to the merits of this case. Accordingly, the Court holds in abeyance and remands the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ motion to dismiss.
Finally, the Court addresses Boston Scientific’s [12] Motion to Stay all Proceedings Pending Transfer to MDL No. 2326, which seeks a stay in this action pending a decision by the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation (“JPML” or “Panel”) regarding the request to transfer this action to the Southern District of West Virginia as part of MDL No. 2326, captioned In re Boston Scientific Corp. Pelvic Repair System Products Liability Litigation . On August 4, 2015, the Panel issued a Conditional Transfer Order 149 (“CTO-149”), which would transfer this action to the Southern District of West Virginia. However, the Conditional Transfer Order with *21 respect to this action has remained stayed since it was issued because the Healthcare Provider Defendants filed a Notice of Opposition and moved to vacate the Conditional Transfer Order. Boston Scientific has opposed the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ motion to vacate. As of this date, the Motion to Vacate remains pending before the Panel, and the Panel has scheduled a hearing on that motion for December 3, 2015.
After Boston Scientific filed the Motion to Stay, this Court issued an order with respect the various motions that were pending in this case. The Court determined that it would not stay the briefing of the several motions that had been filed—the motions that the Court resolves today—but did not at that time resolve the Motion to Stay. As Boston Scientific has pointed out, neither the Healthcare Provider Defendants nor Plaintiff has filed an opposition to the Motion to Stay even though Plaintiff previously indicated her opposition and the Healthcare Provider Defendants indicate that they opposed the Motion insofar as it would affect the Court’s consideration of the motions they filed. Boston Scientific’s Opp’n to Mot. to Remand at 3 n.1. Nonetheless, given the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ motion to vacate the Conditional Transfer Order that remains pending before the Panel, and given the jurisdictional issues that are presented in this case, the Court concluded that would not be in the interest of judicial efficiency to stay these proceedings prior to the resolution of the other motions pending before the Court. However, having resolved those motions as explained above—severing and remanding the claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants such that this Court can exercise jurisdiction over the claims against Boston Scientific—the Court concludes that a stay would now be proper. *22 Plaintiff does not dispute that there are thousands of cases pending against Boston Scientific through MDL 2326 that present similar claims to Plaintiff’s claims. Having resolved the jurisdictional issues in this case, the Court concludes that it would be best to postpone any consideration of the claims against Boston Scientific—including allowing a period of discovery to commence—until the Panel’s resolves the Motion to Vacate that is now pending. Not only are the questions regarding discovery in this case likely to be integrally linked to those issues considered by Judge Joseph R. Goodwin with respect to cases pending before him through MDL No. 2326, but the Court expects that it is likely that the Panel will promptly resolve the questions regarding the Conditional Transfer Order in light of this Court’s resolution of the issues in this case. Specifically, given that the only Motion to Vacate pending before the Panel is the one filed by the Healthcare Provider Defendants, once the claims against them are remanded they would appear not to have any ground to object to a conditional transfer. Indeed, in their Motion to Sever and Remand, the Healthcare Provider Defendants indicated that, after the resolution of the motions pending before this Court, the “transfer of the claims against Boston Scientific to the pending multi-district litigation, is the course of action most likely to ‘secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding.’ ” Mot. to Sever at 10. The Court expects that, after this resolution of the pending motions, that the claims against Boston Scientific will be transferred, with any remaining objections—given that Plaintiff did not file a timely objection to the Motion to Vacate before the Panel—to the Southern District of West Virginia. Accordingly, the Court will stay this action pending the resolution of the issues regarding the Conditional Transfer Order by the Panel on Multi-district Litigation.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court HOLDS IN ABEYANCE and REMANDS the Healthcare Provider Defendants’ [8] Motion to Dismiss to allow the Superior Court to decide that motion; GRANTS the Health Care Provider Defendants’ [11] Motion to Sever Claims Against Them and Remand Said Claims to D.C. Superior Court; and DENIES Plaintiff’s [16] Motion to Remand the Case Back to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. The Court SEVERS the defendants and claims against the Healthcare Provider Defendants, and REMANDS those defendants and claims back to the Superior Court. Having done so, the Court GRANTS Boston Scientific’s [12] Motion to Stay All Proceedings Pending Transfer to MDL No. 2326 and STAYS this action until further order of the Court.
An appropriate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
Dated: October 22, 2015
/s/ COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY
United States District Judge
Notes
[1] Although Plaintiff refers to MFA as “Medical Faculty Associate, Inc.,” (in the singular) in her Complaint, Defendant MFA refers to itself as “Medical Faculty Associate s , Inc.,” (in the plural) and that is consistent with the caption of this case. Accordingly, the Court refers to this defendant as “Medical Faculty Associate s , Inc.”
[2] The Court’s consideration has focused on the following documents: • Defendant Boston Scientific’s Notice of Removal of Civil Action (“Notice of Removal”), ECF No. 1; id ., Ex. 1 (Plaintiff’s Complaint) (“Compl.”), ECF No. 1-1; • Defs.’ Dr. Hendricks and MFA’s Mot. to Dismiss (“Mot. to Dismiss”), ECF No. 8; Pl.’s Opp’n to Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 23; Healthcare Provider Defs.’ Reply to Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 20;
[3] With respect to the question of proper joinder, there are disputes regarding the nature of the claims.
[4] While Plaintiff argues that non-compliance with the notice requirement strips this Court of
subject matter jurisdiction, it is far from clear that the notice requirement itself is jurisdictional
rather an element of a medical malpractice claim pursuant to D.C. law.
Compare Lacek v.
Washington Hosp. Ctr. Corp.
,
[5] Because the relevant D.C. Superior Court rules are identical to the relevant Federal Rules of Civil Procedures, it is immaterial whether the Federal Rules or the Superior Court Rules are applied to determine whether joinder is proper. D.C. Sup. Ct. Rules of Civil Procedure, Comment to Rule 20 (“Identical to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20 except for deletion of reference to admiralty process in the 2nd sentence of section (a) thereof.”); id. , Comment to Rule 21 (“Identical to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21.”). Therefore, the Court references the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, as the parties have done, for the sake of simplicity.
[6] A punitive damages claim, Count XII, is brought against all defendants, but the allegations under the claim only reference Boston Scientific. Specifically, although the heading for Count XII states that it is brought “AGAINST All Defendants,” Plaintiff only “prays for judgment against Boston Scientific for $6000000.00 (six million dollars) for ruthless and wanton behavior to promote the mesh device to implant into Ms. Smith’s body.” Compl. ¶ 153. Plaintiff does not, under Count XII, seek punitive damages from any of the other defendants.
[7] The Court notes that other district courts have concluded that there is a basis for severing a
party pursuant to Rule 21 in similar circumstances as presented here, where severing such a party
would enable a federal court to exercise jurisdiction over the remaining claims and parties along
with other actions transferred to a single district through the multi-district litigation process.
See,
e.g., Sullivan v. Calvert Mem’l Hosp.
, No. CIV. PJM 15-1188,
[8] The Court notes that the weight of authority is that the forum defendant rule is a
nonjurisdictional rule.
See Lively v. Wild Oats Markets, Inc.
,
[9] This interpretation of the consent requirement accords with the conclusions of other courts that
have addressed the scope of the requirement.
See Jernigan v. Ashland Oil Inc.
,
[10] The Court notes, as it explained above, that although the Healthcare Provider Defendants frame their only argument applicable to all claims against them as a jurisdictional argument, the Court is not persuaded that those arguments are properly considered jurisdictional rather than merits-related.
[11] Plaintiff initially filed a Notice of Opposition to the Conditional Transfer Order, but because that Notice was filed one day late, it was withdrawn.