Smith v. GreenhowSmith v. Greenhow
- Reporters:
- , , ,
- Before:
- Matthews
delivered-the opinion of the court.
A writ of summons was issued out of the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond by the plaintiff in error, who ivas plaintiff below, against the defendant, on May 2d, 1883, service of which was acknowledged by the defendant on the same day. The writ was returnable оn the first Monday-in May, which was the seventh day. On that day the plaintiff filed his declaration in trespass <oi et armis, for entering upоn the premises of the plaintiff, and taking and carrying away his personal property, consisting of one table and one book-case, with the books therein, of the value of $100, and for remaining on the premises оf the plaintiff for a long time, whereby the plaintiff- was greatly disturbed and annoyed in the peaceable possession thereof, being his place of business, and hindered arid.prevented from carrying on and transaсting his lawful and necessary affairs and business, arid for other wrongs and injuries,’ laying the damage therefor at $6,000. To this deсlaration the defendant filed a plea in bar, justifying the alleged trespasses, by *670 setting out that the defendant, as treasurer of the city of Richmond, levied upon the personal property mentioned, in order to sеll the same, in satisfaction of certain taxes then due and owing from the plaintiff to the State of Yirginia, as by lаw it was his duty to do. To this plea the plaintiff filed a replication, alleging a previous tender, in payment of said taxes, of coupons cut from bonds issued by the State of Yirginia, under the authority of an act of the genеral assembly of that State, approved March 28th, 1879, said coupons being by that law receivable in payment of said taxes; which, however, the defendant refused to accept in payment thereof. To this replication the defendant rejoined that, by the act of the general assembly of the State of Yirginia, of January 26th, 1882, he was forbidden to receive the said coupons tendered in payment of said taxes; and tо that rejoinder the plaintiff demurred. All these various pleadings, including the declaration,- were filed on the sаme day, and on that day the plaintiff also filed his petition praying for the removal of the suit to the Circuit Court оf the United States for the Eastern District of Yirginia, on the ground that it arose under the Constitution of the United States, which wаs accordingly done. The cause was docketed in the circuit court, and on September 4th, 1883, it was, on mоtion of the defendant, remanded to the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond. To reverse the order of the Circuit Cоurt of the United States remanding the cause to the State court, this writ of error is prosecuted.
The ground on whiсh, the order of the court below, remanding the cause, Avas placed, seems to have been that nо federal question, such as is necessary to confer jurisdiction in the case upon the courts of the Unitеd States, appears to be necessarily involved in the issue raised by the pleadings. In this we think the court errеd. The replication alleges that the coupons tendered contained an. express promise, as required by laAV, of- the State of Yirginia, that they should be received in payment of all taxes due to the State. The rejoinder is that the act of January 26th, 1882, subsequently passed, expressly forbids the defendant from recеiving such coupons in payment of taxes. The demurrer in effect denies the validity of that law, and upon *671 the rеcord no ground of its invalidity can be inferred, except that it is avoided by the operation of that provision of the Constitution of the United States which forbids any State from passing laws which impair the obligation of cоntracts. It therefore sufficiently appears upon the record, that the plaintiff’s case arises under the Constitution of the United States, within the rule as laid down in Bridge Proprietors v. Hoboken Company, 1 Wall. 116-142.
There is a ground for remanding the cause suggested by the reсord, but not sufficiently apparent to justify us in resorting to it to support the action of the circuit court. The value of the property taken is stated in the declaration to be but $100, although the damages for the alleged trespass are laid at $6,000. The petition for removal does not allege the sum or value of the matter in dispute otherwise than by the statement of the amount of the claim for damages. We cannot, of сourse, assume as a matter of law, that the amount laid, or a-less amount, greater than $500, is not recovеrable upon the case stated in the declaration, and cannot therefore justify the order remanding the cause, on the ground that the matter in dispute does not exceed the sum or value of $500. But if the circuit сourt had found, as matter of fact, that the amount of damages stated in the declaration was colоrable, and had been laid beyond the amount of a reasonable expectation of recovery, for the purpose of creating a case removable under the act of Congress, so that, in thе words of the 5th section of the act of 1875, it appeared that the suit “did not really and substantially involve, a disрute or controversy properly within the jurisdiction of said circuit court,” the order remanding it to the State court could have been sustained.
The order of the circuit court remanding the cause to the State court is reversed, and the cause is reinstated in that court, with directions to proceed therein in conformity with law.
And it is so ordered.