206 Ky. 728 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1925
Opinion op the Court by
Reversing.
The grand jury in Knox county returned an indictment against ITamp Hubbard, Gus Smith, Otie Warren, John Bailey, Pete Bailey and Charley Gray charging them in the first paragraph with the wilful murder of Charley West by shooting him with a gun. In the second paragraph it was charged that Gus Smith did the shooting and each of the other defendants was present aiding and abetting. In the third paragraph of the indictment it was charged that all of the defendants entered into a conspiracy to kill and murder him and murdered him pursuant to the conspiracy. Gus Smith was placed on trial; he pleaded not guilty. He was found guilty of voluntary manslaughter and his punishment fixed at twelve years’ imprisonment. He appeals.
The demurrer to the indictment and each paragraph of it was properly overruled. The separate paragraphs
The proof on the trial was very conflicting. The proof for the Commonwealth showed in brief these facts: Charley West was the jailer of Knox county. Steve Smith, a prisoner in the jail, had escaped and on November 23, 1923, Charley West obtained- a warrant of arrest for Steve Smith charging him with breaking jail and with this warrant left Barbourville about nightfall in his car, having sent a horse ahead of him. He went in the car about eight miles; there he left his car and got upon his horse. He rode the horse from there to the house of Jim Messer on Lost creek, about 25 miles from Barbour-ville. While he was there shots were heard up the creek. He then determined to go up and investigate this shooting. He summoned Jim Messer’s three sons, Allan, A. Y., Jr., and Foster, to go with him and assist him. Their sister, Tressa Messer, also went along with them. She lived up the creek beyond the house of John Bailey. They passed the house of Pete Bailey, who lived about 400 yards from Jim Messer, knd came to the house of John Bailey, which was about 400 yards farther on. West thought that the shooting had been done near there. A big gate stood at the road. There was a paling fence around the house and a yard gate a short distance from the big gate. They entered the big gate and came up near the paling fence. West hollered “Hello.” Mrs. John Bailey came out on the end of the porch and asked him what he would have. He said: “This is Charlie West, jailer of Knox county, and I came up here to see what that shooting was about.” He came on up farther inside the yard and asked her what that shooting meant. She said there was no shooting; he said he knew there was for he heard it with his own ears. He said, “Who is here?” She said, “No one but Grus Smith.” He said, “Tell him to come out, I want to know what that shooting-means.” She ordered him out of the premises. She said, “You want trouble.” He said, “No, sir; I am Charlie West, jailer of Knox county, and i am a peace officer and working around here.” He walked around her; she ordered him out again and he said, “I want to know what
On the other hand, the proof for the defendants is in brief this: On the previous Sunday evening the Messer boys had been up at John Bailey’s armed with pistols, which they fired off a number of times, threatening to do injury to Pete Bailey, who was there in his father’s yard drunk. John Bailey and his wife frequently requested them to leave and to behave, but they refused to go until they had much alarmed the family. On the following Thursday Hamp Hubbard, Charles Gray and Gus Smith, who live in Bell county, about six miles away from John Bailey’s, came to John Bailey’s about nightfall with seven dogs to go hunting. After they had supper Hubbard, Gray and John Bailey went hunting. Gus Smith declined to go as it was drizzling rain and lent his gum coat to John Bailey, who was his father-in-law. A while after supper he went to bed and went to sleep. The only other people left in the house were Mrs. Bailey, Ottie Warren and her two small children. They all went to ■ sleep. A shot down the lane toward Pete Bailey’s waked up Mrs. Bailey. She then heard some talk coming up the branch and heard the big gate fall at the mouth of her lane. ' She then heard a call for Hamp Hubbard and Gus Smith. She then waked Otie Warren and they went to the door in their nightclothes and barefooted. She asked what he would have; he asked where Hamp Hubbard was; she said that he was not there; he asked where he went; she said that he went hunting; he asked, “What in the hell did you say,” and she told him again. She did not know who she was talking to. She then walked down the' lower end of the porch and got down on the ground. Her shepherd dog that was under the porch came out and got between her and the man. She made the dog go back and got out on the ground between the porch and the pavement. When she got out there he asked, “Where was
Otie Warren was arrested with the other defendants and placed in jail. While she was thus in custody the jailer took her one day to his room in the jail building. The Commonwealth’s attorney and a stenographer were there. The Commonwealth’s attorney asked her a great many questions covering the whole scope of the case. Her answers were taken down by the stenographer. On, a subsequent day this paper was read to her by the county judge and she swore to it. On the trial she was sworn as a witness for the Commonwealth and testified, but her answers were not as her answers on the previous examination by the Commonwealth’s attorney. On cross-examination by the defendant’s attorney she stated the facts practically as ’they were stated by her mother and G-us Smith. The Commonwealth’s attorney then produced the stenographic report of her first examination and asked her if she had made the answers therein, which were inconsistent with her testimony on the trial. She said she had not. The defendant’s attorney objected to these answers'being read to the jury, and his objection being overruled, excepted. He then offered to prove by her how she came to be in that room; what inducement had been given her to make these statements and the circumstances under which they were made. The court refused to admit this testimony, holding that it was immaterial as she had denied making these statements. It was then proved by the stenographer and the county judge that she had made the statements and the court allowed them read to the jury, telling the jury that they were only competent evidence to contradict the 'witness and should not be considered as substantive evidence against the defendant Smith. The defendant complains that the whole of her examination as taken down
The defendant insists- that the whole of the paper was incompetent under the anti-sweating act, which so far as is material is in these words:
“That what is commonly known as ‘sweating’ is hereby defined to be questioning of a person in custody charged with crime in an attempt to obtain information from him concerning his connection with crime or knowledge thereof, after he has been arrested and in custody, as stated, by plying him with questions or by threats or other wrongful means, extorting from him information to be used against him as testimony upon his trial for such alleged crime.
“That no confession obtained by means of sweating, as defined herein, shall be permitted as evidence in any court of law in this state, but shall be deemed to have been obtained by duress, if it be shown that such confession was made after the arrest of the party charged with crime, and while he was in custody of the law.” Kentucky Statutes, 1649b-l, 1649b-3.
It will be observed that what the statute condemns is the “extorting from him information to be used against him as testimony upon his trial for such alleged crime.” The information obtained by the Commonwealth’s attorney was not used against Otie Warren upon her trial for the alleged crime. It was used only to contradict her testimony as a witness upon the trial of Cus Smith. The purpose of the statute is the protection of the defendant on his trial from statements made by him under such circumstances, but the language of the statute excludes the idea of the protection of a witness from contradiction. This is shown by the words “no confession obtained by means of sweating as defined herein shall be permitted as evidence.” The word “confession” excludes the idea that evidence so obtained may not be used to contradict a witness, for such evidence is in no sense a confession.
The Commonwealth introduced some testimony showing that Mrs. Pete Bailey and Otie Warren rode horseback over to G-us Smith’s a few days before the homicide. The defendant offered to show by them for what purpose they made this trip.. This testimony should have been allowed, because the purpose of the trip was what made it important or unimportant in the case. Smith offered to prove by Bob Napier his condition when he got to his house. The court refused to allow this proof, and in view of the length of time that had elapsed and the opportunity this gave for preparation the ruling was proper. Tressa Messer bought some 38 cartridges of a merchant that night, the merchant living a mile or two away. The Commonwealth proved -that Tressa bought these cartridges after the shooting. The defendants undertook to prove that she bought them before the shooting and that these were the cartridges used in the shooting. The Commonwealth showed that the shooting took place about nine o’clock. The defendants showed that it took place about half-past ten. The defendants offered to prove by the merchant that when Tressa bought the cartridges she said nothing to him about the shooting, as a circumstance showing that the shooting had not then taken place, for Tressa knew that one of her brothers was killed and the other dangerously wounded. On another trial the merchant should be permitted to testify as to her condition when she came to his store as being excited or otherwise and what she said so far as it may illustrate whether she came there before or after the shooting. The defendants offered to prove that West, while at Pineville on the afternoon before the shooting, had an engagement with another to go to Erankfort that night with him and that when Tressa Messer did not meet him there and he heard of the hunting party he broke that engagement and returned to Barbourville and that night went out to the Messer home. The evidence as to the engagement to go to
In the first instruction to the jury after the word “feloniously” the court will add the words “not in his necessary self-defense or the defense of the home of John Bailey as below defined,” so that the ixistruction will read, “feloniously and not in his necessary self-defense or the defense of the home of John Bailey as below defined,” etc. The fourth instruction given by the court should not have been given. There is no evidence in the case showing that the defendant had any reason to anticipate the presence of West on Lost creek that night or that he had in going there any intention of hurting him. There had been no bad. feeling of any sort between West and any of the defendaxits and no facts are shown from which a conspiracy to do him harm may be inferred. He lived 25 miles away; they went quietly to John Bailey’s house and had done nothing there to indicate any such conspiracy or any desire to further it.
For the same reason in instruction five on self-defense these words should have been omitted, “Unless you shall further believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant, Grus Smith, was then and there a party to a conspiracy, agreement or arrangement to kill and murder the said Charley West or some other persoxi then and there present with him.” Also these words at «the conclusion of that instruction: “But should find him guilty of wilful murder and fix his punishment as is set out in instruction No. 2 above.” In the sixth instruction after the word “but” these words will be added, “fired a pistol or pistols into the house,”
There was no evidence that, anybody did anything to entice Charley West or those with him to enter the premises. The rule is well settled that although a conspiracy may exist, the defendant is not deprived of the right of self-defense unless he is present for the purpose of carrying out the conspiracy. PXere Smith was in bed asleep when West and the Messers came there and waked him up, or at least quietly in the house, disturbing no one. lie did not look for them; they looked for him, and no instruction on conspiracy should have been given.
Though West was jailer of ’the county and, therefore, a peace officer, he was without authority to make an arrest without a warrant, unless for an offense committed in his presence. No offense had been committed in his presence; in fact the evidence does not show that any offense had been committed, for the shots which he heard are not shown to have been unlawfully fired. He had a warrant for the arrest of his escaped prisoner, Steve Smith, but .he did not go to John Bailey’s looking for Steve Smith; he did not ask for Steve Smith when he got there and he summoned the Messer boys to go with him to investigate the shooting. Steve Smith had not been heard of in that neighborhood, and so far as ap
Judgment reversed and cause remanded for a new trial. . ,