83 Neb. 667 | Neb. | 1909
In August, 1900, tbe county of Logan commenced an action in tbe district court to foreclose a lien for taxes assessed against tbe property in controversy herein. The owner of tbe legal title and a mortgagee appeared in tbe action and demurred to tbe petition, and, their demurrer being overruled, a decree was entered in favor of tbe
The mandate in the case was filed in the district court February 12, 1905, and on April 30, 1906, on motion of the plaintiff, the court entered an absolute order of confirmation and directed the sheriff to execute a deed to the premises. It is evident from the journal entry made that the district court was of opinion that the two years given by our constitution in which to redeem from a judicial sale made for taxes dated from the date on which the sale was made by the sheriff, and not from the date of confirmation ordered by the court. This clearly appears from the language of the order of confirmation, wherein it is recited: “Now on this date after 1 o’clock and 30 minutes P. M. this case came on to be heard on application of the plaintiff to confirm the sale heretofore made herein. No objections to said confirmation having been made, it is submitted to the court on the mandate of the supreme
On the 28th of July, 1906, and within the six months allowed for taking an appeal from said order of confirmation, the plaintiff commenced this action, making the record owner of the land in dispute and numerous lien-holders parties defendant, and asking that her title to said land be quieted and confirmed, and that the defendants, each and all, be forever estopped from asserting any right, interest or possession in or to said premises. Howell, the owner of the fee title, filed an answer and cross-bill. In the cross-bill it is alleged that the sheriff’s deed issued to. the plaintiff in conformity to the order of the court made on confirmation of the sale is absolutely void, because issued within the time allowed him for redemption, and that the order of confirmation was procured by fraudulent misrepresentation of law and facts made to the court, and without notice to the defendants of the pendency of the .motion to confirm. It is charged that the plaintiff has collected the rents and profits accruing from said land for the years 1903 to 1906, both inclusive, and he prays that the right of redemption be allowed him, asking for an accounting between the parties, and that title to said land be quieted in him. The facts in the case were either agreed to or established by undisputed evidence and are as above set forth. Upon these facts the court entered a decree allowing the defendant Howell to redeem from the'
In the decree entered in this case the court, referring to the confirmation made April 30, 1906, recites: “And the court further finds that he was without power and authority under said order of the (supreme) court and the constitution and the revenue laws of the state to make the absolute confirmation barring right of redemption; that the defendant Howell has made his application herein to redeem from said tax sale within two years from the date of order of second confirmation, offering to pay all the taxes due and costs made in said foreclosure action, and he is entitled to have the prayer of his petition granted and be given leave to redeem.” By section 3, art. IX of our constitution, a right of redemption is given from all sales of real estate for the non-payment of taxes for two years after the sale. This applies to judicial sale where there had been no prior administrative sale. County of Logan v. McKinley-Lanning L. & T. Co., 70 Neb. 406. Defendants insist that under this constitutional provision they are given two years from the date of confirmation within which to redeem. It must> we think, be considered that in an action brought, as in this case, to foreclose a tax lien claim by the county, the sale had under the foreclosure decree is a judicial sale, and that it is completed only by confirmation.
In Hatch v. Shold, 62 Neb. 764, it was held: “The legal title of mortgaged real property remains in the mortgagor pending the confirmation of a sale thereof made under a decree of foreclosure of the- real éstate mortgaged.” In the opinion it is said: “Until confirmation of sale, the mortgagor’s equity of redemption is not cut off, and his legal title to the property gives him a valuable interest therein, and a right of action to protect that interest, subject only to the superior lien of the mortgagee for the amount due on the incumbrance.” In State Bank v. Green, 8 Neb. 297, the court said: “In sales under a
It is true, as was substantially held in Nebraska L. & T. Co. v. Hamer, 40 Neb. 281, that an accepted bid becomes a binding obligation. This rule is not inconsistent with the conclusions we have reached. There is no completed sale until a report of the proceedings is approved by the court. It is equivalent to a contract which may be enforced against the bidder except under such circumstances as would justify the rescission or reformation of other contracts. On the other hand, it may be set aside for irregularities, and, when such are alleged, it is a matter to be considered and determined by the court. An accepted bid gives to the purchaser the right to demand confirmation and deed, but it is not until confirmation that his attempt to purchase is effective. That such was thought to be the law by this court is apparent from the very fact that more than two years had elapsed after the sale here in controversy, and before this court construed the rights
This brings us to appellant’s contention that the right of the defendants to redeem from the tax sale has been adjudicated by the order of confirmation entered in' the district court of date April 30, 1907, said order being absolute in its terms and apparently intended to cut off any right of redemption. As we understand the appellant, he concedes that upon the issuance of the mandate by this court in the case above cited the defendants were entitled to have the order of confirmation made conditional, or, in other words, the district court should have entered such a confirmation as would expressly preserve to the defendants their constitutional right to redeem, and it is argued that the order actually entered set at rest that question which is now res judicata, the defendants having neglected to appeal therefrom. This leads us to a consideration of the order of confirmation above referred to, for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not it does in fact bar the defendants’ right to redeem. It is quite apparent from the judgment appealed from and from the order of confirmation that the trial court by the last order of confirmation attempted to bar the defendants’ constitutional right to redeem, but we are convinced that he failed in this purpose, and that his confirmatory order of April 30, 1907, was ineffectual to defeat the defendants’ present effort in that regard. By reference to the opinion in County of Logan v. McKinley-Lanning L. & T. Co., supra, it appears that the objections were made to the confirmation when the matter was first brought to the attention of the court, in part, because two years for redemption had not expired since the sale. Evidently the defendants then considered that they had only two years from the time the purchaser’s bid was accepted in which to redeem, and that this necessarily required that the confirmation be stayed until the expiration of two years. This court held
The plaintiff,when the case was remanded, without notice to defendants, filed a new motion for confirmation upon which the case proceeded without objection or appearance by the defendants; but, the mandate of this court having placed the case in the position in which it existed at the time the first motion for confirmation was filed, we must view the case as though no former motion to confirm had been filed, and no action taken thereon, except, of course, we must give effect to such rules as have become the law of the case. The defendants’ right to redeem was never questioned in the pleadings. No issue was ever raised except in the motion for confirmation and objections thereto, which were abandoned by the parties upon the reversal of the judgment rendered thereon. We can see no good reason for the defendants’ appearance in the foreclosure case at any stage of the proceedings. They had no defense to the foreclosure which we need to notice here. They had no legal or equitable objection to the confirmation of such sale as the court had jurisdiction to make, nor could they object to the issuance of a deed conveying to the purchaser such title as was foreclosed in the proceeding. Such foreclosure proceeding, as will hereinafter
If the order of April 30, 1907, was to be construed as a bar to the right of the defendants to redeem, its validity might well be questioned. In Bigelow v. Forrest, 9 Wall. (U. S.) 339, the trial court condemned the land of one Forrest, an officer in the confederate navy, and ordered the same sold under the act of congress of July 17, 1862, commonly called the “Confiscation Act.” After the death of Forrest, his son and only heir at law brought an action to recover the land from the purchaser, who contended that, as the title of the elder Forrest was a fee simple title and the libel filed against the land by the government was “against all the right, title, and interest, and esta,te of the said French Forrest, in and to the said tract of land,” the decree of condemnation and the sale thereunder vested in the purchaser the fee title, and not an estate terminating with the life of the elder Forrest, as claimed by the plaintiff. While the decree condemned “the real property mentioned and described in the libel” and directed a sale of the same, the supreme court construed the decree to authorize the sale of a life estate only, that being the only interest which the act empowered the court to sell. In the opinion it is said: “But, under the act of congress, the district court had no power to order a sale which should confer upon the purchaser rights outlasting the life
Under our constitution no sale for taxes, judicial or administrative, can be made which vests in the purchaser an unconditional absolute title. The sale must in all cases be made subject to the owner’s right to redeem within two years from the completed sale, and no court or officer has power to sell and convey a higher title. This right was of value. The author knows of no law which will authorize a court to deprive a citizen of valuable property rights in his absence, and without notice to him. But such order cannot be given this force. It is true that the order of confirmation was entered without objection and is absolute upon its face. No objection to the confirmation was necessary to preserve to the defendants the rights given them by the constitution to redeem. It was the completed sale from which the owner had a right to redeem. It is true, lie had the right to redeem before, but, as heretofore pointed out, confirmation did not necessarily exhaust such right. The court found that the sale was conducted in all respects as required by law. That being true, the purchaser was entitled to confirmation. The court did not need to inquire further than to ascertain whether or not the proceedings were regular. It mattered not that more than two years had elapsed since the sale and since the confirmation which had been vacated. Nor did it matter that no redemption from the sale had been made by defendants, and no motion had been made to effect said redemption. Defendants were not required to thus exert themselves at that time. The confirmation of the sale was a right existing in the incumbrancer that he might receive the ¿mount due him upon the lien foreclosed, and it was also due to the purchaser that he might receive his deed, and, moreover, have a time definitely fixed during which redemption must be made. We do not consider that the word “absolute” in the order of confirmation in any way interfered with the constitutional right of the defendants to redeem. Most all judicial sales are confirmed abso
Selby v. Pueppka, 73 Neb. 179, was an appeal from an order of confirmation in a case very similar to this. There, as here, it was urged that to permit a redemption after an order of confirmation had been entered was to allow a collateral attack upon the decree of confirmation. In that case it is said: “The confirmation applied only to the regularity of the proceeding. It held the sale valid and regular, but in no way adjudicated the right of redemption from it. The latter existed by virtue of a self-executing constitutional provision independent of the court. The court’s action must be held to have been taken with this right in Anew. Of course, in this view, that confirmation, like the other proceedings in this sale, was had provisionally and subject to the right of redemption.” We take it that the phrase, “that confirmation * * * was had provisionally and subject to the right of redemption,” was an implied, and not an express, condition in the order of confirmation, and that it exists by virtue of the constitutional provision, which applies to all sales made of
Plaintiff is rightfully in possession, and continues so until redemption is legally effected, and therefore, is not required to account for rents and profits. The trial court allowed but 7 per cent, interest on the amount bid and paid by plaintiff at the sheriff’s sale. Under the rule announced in Butler v. Libe, supra, it should haye been 12 per cent.
We therefore recommend that the judgment of the district court be affirmed so far as it dismisses plaintiff’s petition and permits the defendants to redeem, but that it be reversed and remanded, with instructions to the lower court to enter judgment permitting the defendants to redeem only upon the payment of the full amount of the bid, with interest at 12 per cent, per annum.
By the Court: For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the district court is modified so as to allow redemption on the payment of the full amount bid at the sale, with 12 per cent, interest thereon from date of sale, and the cause is remanded, with directions to the district court to carry this judgment into effect.
Judgment accordingly.