Smith v. Burgess

133 Mass. 511 | Mass. | 1882

C. Allen, J.

It has heretofore been held in this Commonwealth, that, where a mortgage was assigned to A. B., trustee, in consideration of money paid by him, trustee, and where the mortgage note was also indorsed to him, trustee, a presumption was raised that he took the same in trust, so that his heirs at law could not convey a good title thereto without showing that in point of fact no trust existed. Sturtevant v. Jaques, 14 Allen, 523. It has also been held that, if a guardian of minor children uses his wards’ money to buy land, and takes a deed acknowledging the receipt of the consideration paid by him as guardian, but running to himself, his heirs and assigns, without otherwise referring to his guardianship, this is sufficient to give notice to his creditors that the land is held by him in trust. Bancroft v. Consen, 13 Allen, 50. A similar doctrine was held, under somewhat different circumstances, in Hayward v. Cain, 110 Mass. 273. And in Shaw v. Spencer, 100 Mass. 382, it was held that a certificate of shares in a corporation, in the name of A. B. trustee, if pledged by him to secure his own debt, gives notice of the trust to the pledgee. This case was much considered, and elaborately discussed at the bar and in the opinion of the court; it was reaffirmed in Fisher v. Brown, 104 Mass. 259; and it has been approved by the Supreme Court of the United States, in Duncan v. Jaudon, 15 Wall. 165, 175.

The defendant in the present case made a loan of money to James Lewis, knowing that the same -was for the personal use of Lewis, and took as security therefor an assignment of the note and mortgage in question. The note ran to Lewis personally, and was by him delivered, though not indorsed, to the defendant. The mortgage ran to Lewis, “trustee as aforesaid,” and the words “trustee for Clara M. Pyne,” which originally followed the recital of the payment of the consideration, had been erased. This mortgage was assigned by Lewis personally, without mentioning his capacity as trustee; the assignment being drawn by the defendant upon a form attached to the mortgage itself. Although the defendant had the mortgage in his hands, and although it was taken by him as security, his attention was not attracted to the words “ trustee as aforesaid,” and he had no actual knowledge of their existence, or of the fact that both note and mortgage represented trust funds held by Lewis.

It cannot be doubted that, if the defendant had read the mortgage, and become aware of the fact that it ran to Lewis as “ trustee as aforesaid,” he would have pursued the inquiry as to the meaning of those words. Looking to see what was referred to in the few lines which preceded them, lie would probably have discovered the erasure. If he did not, he would have been likely, and also bound, to inquire if Lewis held the mortgage as trustee, and trustee for whom. He knew that the mortgage was given as security for the note, and the mortgage itself showed the same fact. The mortgage and note had reference to one transaction; and, if Lewis held one of them as trustee, there was reason to suppose that he so held the other also. If the defendant had been actually aware that the mortgage ran to Lewis as trustee, the omission of the word “ trustee in the note would not excuse him from the duty of inquiry imposed by the existence of that word in the mortgage. It is not a question from how many sources he would get his information of the trust, but whether he got it from any source.

Nor can we think that the omission of the word “trustee” in the note excused the defendant from the duty of examining the mortgage, to see the nature of the title he was taking. The mortgage was a constituent part of his security. It was not only a link in the title which he was taking, but it was itself produced and delivered to him as representing the title. The rule is general, is stated in various text-books, and is recognized in a multitude of cases, that, where a purchaser has notice of a deed, he is bound by all its contents. 2 Sugd. Vend. & P. 775. 4 Kent Com. 179. 1 Story Eq. Jur. § 400. Kerr on Fraud & Mistake (Am. ed.) 240, 241. 2 Pomeroy Eq. §§ 626-628. Asimilar rule has been applied in this State to persons who enter into and accept written contracts. Grace v. Adams, 100 Mass. 505. Monitor Ins. Co. v. Buffum, 115 Mass. 343. The truth appears to be, that the defendant accepted the mortgage without taking pains to read it. If he had read it, he would have discovered all that was necessary for his protection. The law holds him to the legal duty of reading it, and of informing himself of all it contains. He must be conclusively presumed to have performed this duty, and cannot be heard to say that he did not. His legal position is the same as if he had actually read it.

Finally, it is urged that the words “ trustee as aforesaid ” were written obscurely, and in a manner likely to escape observation; and the original mortgage has been submitted to us. It is not suggested that the mortgage was drawn with a view to enable a fraud to be practised upon an unwary purchaser, nor do we find anything in its appearance to warrant such a suggestion. The handwriting is not very plain; but the words in question are not especially illegible. We should be slow to declare that a general obscurity in the handwriting of a mortgage would entitle anybody to buy it without taking pains to ascertain what the hieroglyphics might mean; but in the present case we find no such obscurity as to make a reader likely to overlook those words. Decree for the plaintiff.