97 P. 855 | Mont. | 1908
delivered the opinion of the court.
We adopt from the brief of counsel for the appellants the following statement of the case, which respondents’ counsel agree is substantially correct:
The respondents Knowles, O’Rourke, Merriman, and Stewart answered separately from the respondent Jefferson county. In this answer there was a denial as to the priority of the Sloan right, an admission as to the validity of the decree fixing the capacity of the ditch, and the reduction of the amount awarded the ditch on account of the Knowles right of ten inches. The defense was then interposed that by the decree rendered, giving to the Sloan ditch one hundred and twenty inches of water, there was an adjudication that the interests in the ditch and water right were joint and equal, and the pleadings and decree in that suit were made a portion of the answer, and that on account of the proceedings had in that ease the appellants were estopped
In this first suit an action was brought by one Josephine C. Andrews against the predecessors of the appellants and respondents and others. The action was what is generally known as a “water right suit,” and was for the purpose of determining the rights of all the parties to the waters of Muskrat creek. The plaintiff in that suit alleged that she was entitled to the use of one hundred and fifty inches of water, and that this was a prior right, except as to twenty-five inches, which covered the appropriation made by Asa H. Sloan. In the answer filed in that suit the appellants and respondents in the present suit joined. F. C. Berendes succeeded to the interest of "William C. Sloan. In this answer there was a denial of the priority of the one hundred and fifty-inch appropriation, followed by the following averments: “And these defendants, further answering the said complaint of plaintiff, allege and show unto this honorable court that they are jointly and severally interested in the ditch by means of which the waters of said Muskrat creek have been appropriated, and known as the ‘Sloan ditch,’ and the extension made to the same, to the extent of one hundred and twenty inches, measured in accordance with the provisions of the statute in such case made and provided, and that said ditch was and is of sufficient capacity and grade to carry that amount, and that their right, title and claim thereto is, by virtue of three prior appropriations of the said waters, to the extent aforesaid, one on or about the first day of December, 1866, one on or about the thirty-first day of July, 1867, and one, on or about the thirtieth day of November, 1872, each to the amount of one hundred and twenty miner’s inches, paramount and superior to the right, title, and claim of the plaintiff, and that they are severally and respectively the owners of agricultural lands which can be made available and profitable only by irrigation, and,that the skid waters have ever since the appropriation thereof, been used and possessed by them and their predecessors in interest for said purpose; and that they are now entitled to the use, pos
“That the said defendants Jefferson county, Mary A. Sloan, Luella Byers, Peter B. Mills, Edward O’Rourke, George Merriman, W. H. Stewart, and Mary A. Sloan, Luella Byers, Annie E. Berendes, William C. Sloan, John B. Sloan, Clinton A. Sloan, and Seymour D. Sloan, as heirs at law of Asa H. Sloan, deceased, and their grantors and predecessors in interest, did in the years 1866, 1867, and 1872, appropriate one hundred and twenty statutory inches of the waters of said Muskrat creek by means of a certain ditch known as the ‘Sloan ditch,’ tapping said creek and leading to and upon their lands mentioned and described in their answer for the purpose of irrigating said lands, and for other useful and beneficial purposes, and that ever since and at all proper times and seasons have used the same and the whole thereof for such purposes, subject to the right of the defendant Knowles to the use of ten inches thereof hereinafter mentioned and set forth, and the whole thereof is necessary for such purposes. That such appropriation is prior in time to that of the plaintiff in what is known as the ‘Andrews ditch,’ and prior in time to that of the defendants McNeill and Hammer in what is known as the ‘McNeill and Hammer ditch’ ” —followed by a conclusion of law, incorporated in the decree as follows: “That the said defendants Jefferson county, Mary A. Sloan, Luella Byers, Peter B. Mills, Edward O’Rourke, George Merriman, W. H. Stewart, and Mary A. Sloan, Luella Byers, Annie E. Berendes, William C. Sloan, John B. Sloan, Clinton A. Sloan, and Seymour D. Sloan, as heirs at law of Asa H. Sloan, deceased, are now,, and they and their grantors and predecessors in interest have been since the years 1866, 1867, and 1872, the owner and owners of and entitled to the use of one hundred and twenty statutory inches of the waters of said Muskrat creek (subject to the right of the said defendant Knowles to the use of ten inches thereof hereinbefore found) taken there-
The answer in the present suit likewise set up title by adverse use, but its consideration is of no concern on this appeal. In the reply appellants admit all of the allegations in reference to the former suit, but aver that it was distinctly understood that the rights severally in the Sloan ditch, as to quantity and date of appropriation, should not be determined, and no determination was had in that suit of their rights. A motion for judgment on the pleadings in favor of Knowles, 0 ’Rourke, Merriman, and Stewart was made and sustained and a decree entered in favor of the respondents named, and an appeal from this judgment is taken.
The only question presented for review is whether or not the decision in the first suit is an adjudication of the questions now presented, and whether, with the understanding had that as between themselves their rights should not be determined in that litigation, they are estopped from having these rights determined and fixed.
We are of opinion that the district court was in error in sustaining the motion for judgment on the pleadings. Section 4852, Revised Codes (sec. 1891, Civ. Code 1895), reads, in part, as follows: “In any action hereafter commenced for the protection of rights acquired to water under the laws of this state, the plaintiff may make any or all persons who have diverted water from the same stream or source parties to such action, and the court may in one judgment settle the relative priorities and rights of all the parties to such action.” After a careful study of the pleadings and decree in the Andrews Case, we are satisfied that the only matter actually determined was that the water right of the defendants Jefferson county, Mary A. Sloan, Luella Byers, Peter B. Mills, Edward O’Rourke, George Merriman, W. H. Stewart, and Mary A. Sloan, Luella Byers, Annie E. Ber
But it is said that the court must be presumed to have decreed that the defendants had equal rights, because section 4852, Revised Codes, is mandatory in its terms. And in this connection counsel for the defendants employ the following language : “We, of course, recognize the rule that estoppel by judgment usually does not operate as between cotenants in an ordinary action concerning the cotenancy property. The well-recognized and defined exception to this rule is that, whenever conflicting claims are in fact advanced, it matters no.t whether by cross-petition or adverse answer between defendants — the judgment pronounced thereon is as conclusively an estoppel as though there were no cotenancy. Otherwise endless litigation would result. Courts very generally have recognized this exception to the rule, and held that, where interests are necessarily adverse and necessarily passed upon in one proceeding where the adverse claims are set out, the judgment acts as an estoppel of
In the case of Reynolds v. Stockton, 140 U. S. 254, 11 Sup. Ct. 773, 35 L. Ed. 464, Mr. Justice Brewer, speaking for the court, said: “The invalidity of the judgment depends upon the fact that it is in no manner responsive to the issues tendered by the pleadings. This idea underlies all litigation. Its emphatic language is that a judgment, to be conclusive upon the parties to the litigation, must be responsive to the matters controverted. Nor are we concerned with the question as to the rule which obtains in a ease in which, while the matter determined was not, in fact, put in issue by the pleadings, it is apparent from the record that the defeated party was present at the trial and actually litigated the matter. In such a case the
A most interesting case on this point is Munday v. Vail, 34 N. J. L. 418, where the court said: “Jurisdiction may be defined to be the right to adjudicate concerning the subject-matter in the given case. To constitute this there are three essentials: First. The court must have cognizance of the class of eases to which the one to be adjudged belongs. Second. The proper parties must be present. Third. The point decided must be, in substance and effect, within the issue. That a court cannot go out of its appointed sphere, and that its action is void with respect to persons who are strangers to its proceedings, are propositions established by a multitude of authorities. A defect in a judgment arising from the fact that the matter decided was not embraced within the issue has not, it would seem, received much judicial consideration. And yet I cannot doubt that, upon general principles, such a defect must avoid a judgment. It is impossible to concede that, because A and B are parties to a suit, a court can decide any matter in which they are interested, whether such matter be involved in the pending litigation or not. Persons by becoming suitors do not place themselves for all purposes under the control of the court, and it is only over these particular interests which they choose to draw in question that a power of judicial decision arises. If, in an ordinary foreclosure case, a man and his wife being parties, the court of
It is argued that the legislature in enacting section 4852 intended to compel defendants to litigate their respective titles as between themselves, to the end that future litigation should be avoided. The answer to this is that, if the legislature had so intended, it had the opportunity to use words of command and neglected to do so. It may be seriously doubted whether the legislature has power to compel a man to enter upon a course of litigation unless some one has a cause of action against him. A mode for the perpetuation of testimony is provided by sections 8042 to 8048, Revised Codes (secs. 3420 to 3426, Code Civ. Proc. 1895). Mr. Justice Holloway’s opinion in McNinch v. Crawford, 30 Mont. 297, 76 Pac. 698, is quoted in respondents’ brief. He there said: “Every party to this suit was an antagonist to every other party.” But the record in that case discloses the fact that the answering defendants appeared and filed separate answers and cross-complaints controverting the_ allegations of plaintiff’s complaint, every one setting forth his right and putting in issue the allegations of every other cross-complainant.
Numerous cases are cited by respondents to the effect that, if parties have had a hearing and an opportunity of asserting their rights, they are concluded by the deeree as far as it affects rights presented to the court and passed upon by the decree. Our conclusion that section 4852 is not mandatory
“Sec. 7914. The effect of a judgment or final order in an action or special proceeding before a court or judge of this state, or of the United States, having jurisdiction to pronounce the judgment or order, is as follows: 1. In case of a judgment or order against a specific thing, or in respect to the probate of a will, or the administration of the estate of a decedent; or in respect to the personal, political or legal condition or relation of a particular person, the judgment or order is conclusive upon the title to the thing, the will or administration, or the condition or relation of the person. 2. In other cases the judgment or order is, in respect to the matter directly adjudged, conclusive between the parties and their successors in interest by title subsequent to the commencement of the action or special proceeding, litigating 'for the same thing under the same title and in the same capacity; provided, they have notice, actual or constructive, of the pendency of the action or proceeding.”
“See. 7917. That only is deemed to have been adjudged in a former judgment which appears upon its face .to have been so adjudged, or which was actually and necessarily included therein or necessary thereto.”
These sections define the effect of a judgment in this state, We have determined that upon the face of the judgment in the Andrews Case it does not appear that the rights of the defendants, as between themselves, were adjudged; neither were they in view of our interpretation of section 4852, Revised Codes, actually and necessarily included therein or necessary thereto. (Heilner v. Smith, 49 Or. 14, 88 Pac. 299.)
Reversed and remanded.