76 Mo. 384 | Mo. | 1882
On the 12th day of November, 1875, plaintiffs recovered judgment against the Illinois & St* Louis Bridge Company for $10,420.21. Execution was issued on this judgment on November 29th, 1875, which was duly returned nulla bona.
On March 20th, 1878, a motion was filed by the plaintiffs, under the statute, for an execution against the defendant Allen, as a stockholder in said bridge company. At the date of the return of the execution against the bridge company, Allen held 741 shares of stock, at the par value of $100 per share, and at the time when the motion was filed against him, he had sold and transferred all of said stock but twenty-four shares. Two principal defenses weré interposed. The first was, that all of the said 741 shares were fully paid for at the date of the return nulla bona; and the second was, that the defendant was, in any event, only liable on the shares held by him at the time the motion for execution against him was filed.
It appears from the record, that the authorized capital stock of the bridge company was $4,000,000, in shares of $100 each; that in the year 1875, $3,000,000 had been subscribed for, on which forty per cent had been paid in cash. First mortgage bonds to the amount of $4,000,000 were issued and directed to be sold under an agreement that $800,000 of the stock of the company should go with the bonds as a bonus. Of these bonds the stockholders took $1,500,000, and received $300,000 in stock. Of this stock, all of which was credited with a payment of forty per
Eor this last sum, the circuit court and the court of appeals held the defendant liable as for unpaid stock. Eor the reasons given by the court of appeals, (7 Mo. App. 434,) we agree with that court in saying that there was no error in this ruling of which the defendant can complain. Sawyer v. Hoag, 17 Wall. 610; Habershon’s case, 5 Eq. Law Rep. 289; Hay’s case, 10 Chy. App. Law Rep. 600.
The only question remaining for determination is, whether the defendant is to be charged on the stock held by him at the date of the return of nulla bona, or only on that held by him when the motion was filed. The circuit court held the defendant liable to the extent of the unpaid stock held by him at the date of the return of nulla bona, and the court of appeals held him liable to the extent of the unpaid stock held by him when the motion was filed which related in point of time to the service of notice. The statute in force at the date of the nulla bona return, and when the motion was filed, is as follows: “ If any
That portion of the section which authorizes execution for an amount equal to the amount of stock owned by the shareholder, and known as the double liability clause, was annulled by a constitutional amendment adopted in 1870, leaving the stockholder liable simply for any amount unpaid on his stock. Schricker v. Ridings, 65 Mo. 208. The phraseology of the. section quoted, however, remained unchanged until the revision of 1879.
By the eighth and ninth Yictoria, .chapter 16, section 36, it is provided that “ if any execution either at law or in equity shall have been issued against the property or effects of the company, and if there cannot be found sufficient whereon to levy such execution, then such execution may be issued against any of the shareholders to the extent of their shares respectively in the capital of the company not then paid up.” That portion of our statute requiring construction at our hands seems to have been taken almost literally from the English statute above quote d. It was first enacted in this State, in its present form, in 1865. In January, 1856, the English statute was construed in the case of Nixon v. Green, 11 Exch. 549. Alderson, B., in delivering the opinion of the court said: “ The construction of the act is very plain. It says, that‘if any execution, etc., shall have issued against the property or
It is the settled practice of this court, where the statute of another state or country is enacted here, to place the same construction upon such statute, that it had at the time of its adoption received in the superior courts of the state or country from which it was taken. Skouten v. Wood, 57 Mo. 380. This rule would seem to give more than ordinary force to the English decision, which might ordinarily be regarded only as very persuasive authority.
Besides this, the case of Nixon v. Green, supra, was approvingly cited by this court in McClaren v. Franciscus, 43 Mo. 452. The question discussed in the case last cited was, whether the individual liability of the stockholder attached at the time the debt was contracted, or at the time the execution was sued out, and it was decided on the authority of Nixon v. Green, and other cases, that those persons owning stock at the time the execution was issued against the corporation, were alone liable under the section
That this construction of the section under examination is the correct one, will be rendered more apparent, perhaps, when we consider the fact that said section is a substitute for a provision in the law of 1855, authorizing the officer having execution against a corporation, to levy the same upon the property of the stockholder after giving him forty-eight hours’ notice of the debt or deficiency, in the same manner as if it had been issued against him individually, provided no corporate property could be found, and none was disclosed by the stockholder receiving such notice. R. S. 1855, 373, § 14. And a subsequent section of the same act required the person in charge of the books of any corporation, on demand of the officer having any execution against such corporation, to furnish such officer with the names, places of residence and amount of liability of the stockholders. § 16.
Notwithstanding the change made in the manner of obtaining execution against the stockholders, the section last cited has been continuously retained on-the statute book since it was first enacted, and now appears as section
There was an obvious propriety in changing the law so as to require the judgment creditor to apply to the court for execution against the stockholder, instead of leaving that matter to the judgment and discretion of the officer having the execution, as was provided by the law of 1855, inasmuch as all the questions affecting the relations of the stockholder to the corporation and its creditors, can, as the law now stands, be investigated and determined before the execution is issued and the property of the stockholder is sold. But the rule of liability remains the same. The law evidently contemplates that the stockholders who were such at the time the officer fails to find corporate property to satisfy an execution in his hands, shall be.liable to have execution issued against them personally for any amount remaining unpaid on their stock, and this liability is a fixed one. True, no lien is created on the stock, but a personal liability is created which attaches to the stockholder, and not to the stock. In the absence of any prohibitory statute, the stock may be transferred, but the liability of the stockholder cannot be transferred with it. A different rule would in many cases result in entirely defeating the claims of creditors.
In the present case, for example, the books of the
We are fully convinced that it is within both the spirit and the letter of the statute to hold the stockholder subject to execution, who was such when the corporation failed to satisfy the execution against it. The corporation having failed to pay and the return of nulla bona being made, the then stockholders become personally liable to the creditor to the extent of their unpaid stock, and this liability remains although they may transfer their stock.
The judgment of the court of appeals will be reversed, and the judgment of the circuit court will be affirmed.