279 F. Supp. 614 | W.D. Okla. | 1968
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The Petitioner is an Oklahoma prisoner serving a life sentence imposed by the District Court of Payne County, Oklahoma, on November 2, 1939, on a plea of guilty for the crime of rape in the first degree. In his Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus herein, the Petitioner raises five complaints as follows: (1) Petitioner was denied his right to counsel at his first District Court arraignment, (2) Sentence was imposed by duress, coercion and threat of lynch mob, (3) Petitioner was denied confrontation of witnesses, (4) No mental observation was made of the Petitioner until after he was sentenced, and (5) Petitioner was extradited from the State of Texas to the State of Oklahoma without extradition papers. The burden of proof herein is on the Petitioner. Beeler v. Crouse (Tenth Cir. 1964), 332 F.2d 783.
The Respondent acknowledges that the Petitioner has exhausted his state remedies on each of the above complaints except (5) regarding extradition. See Ex parte Sisson, 90 Okl.Cr. 47, 210 P.2d 185
From the.evidence presented, the Court finds that the Petitioner was arrested for the crime involved in the State of Texas and returned to the county jail of Payne County, Oklahoma, situated in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Sometime after being so incarcerated (the evidence doesn’t show when), it appears that the Petitioner signed a written confession of the crime involved in this case and two other similar offenses. This confession is not in evidence in this case but it is set out in detail in Ex parte Sisson, supra. On October 26, 1939, the Petitioner was arraigned in person in the County Court of Payne County, Oklahoma, where the warrant and complaint were read and he was informed of his constitutional rights. The Petitioner waived preliminary hearing and the County Judge bound the Petitioner over to the District Court for trial. The Petitioner did not have counsel at this proceeding. There is no evidence presented to the Court that the Petitioner made any incriminatory statements at this proceeding and it is not shown that any of his constitutional rights were prejudiced at this proceeding. Pearce v. Cox (Tenth Cir. 1965), 354 F.2d 884, cert. denied 384 U.S. 976, 977, 86 S.Ct. 1869, 1871, 16 L.Ed.2d 685, 686 (1966). On the same day, October 26, 1939, the Petitioner was arraigned in open court in person in the District Court of Payne County, Oklahoma. Here the information was read and he was again informed of his constitutional rights according to the Court Minutes. The Petitioner entered a plea of not guilty at that time, whereupon the Court appointed two capable attorneys to represent the Petitioner. These attorneys were not present during this District Court arraignment but were appointed immediately after the plea of not guilty. They conferred with the Petitioner in jail the following day and on three further occasions including the proceeding on November 2, 1939, before the District Court when the Petitioner withdrew his plea of not guilty, entered a plea of guilty, and was sentenced.
One of the court appointed attorneys for the Petitioner testified before this Court to the effect that he conferred with the Petitioner the first time for approximately an hour and in total conferred with him for approximately two hours and >that the Petitioner himself decided to enter his plea of guilty notwithstanding the advice of this attorney and co-counsel that he not plead guilty but stand trial. This attorney testified that no promises were made to the Petitioner and no force or threats were used on the Petitioner to cause him to change his plea of not guilty to a plea of guilty, but that he did so of his own free and voluntary will. This attorney also testified that notwithstanding the claim of the Petitioner that he changed his plea from not guilty to guilty by reason of the fear of mob violence and a threat of lynching, the Petitioner made no such claim to this attorney at any time and this attorney was not in the least concerned about the Petitioner being endangered by mob violence or lynching. This attorney pointed out that the crime involved occurred in the City of Cushing, Oklahoma, which, while in the same county as Stillwater where the Petitioner was confined, is 25 miles distant. This attorney testified that he was aware of no mob or threats or any such activities around the jail or in Stillwater or in Cushing, Oklahoma. The Petitioner himself testified that no direct threats were made by anyone to him and he neither saw nor heard a mob. This attorney
As to complaint (1) above, it is true that counsel was not appointed for the Petitioner until after he had entered
a plea of not guilty at his District Court arraignment. But there has been no evidence presented to the Court that at this arraignment the Petitioner made any incriminatory statements or did anything prejudicial to his constitutional rights or that statements were then made against the Petitioner. The Petitioner' entered a plea of not guilty, whereupon the Court promptly appointed not one but two capable attorneys to represent the Petitioner. Under Oklahoma law, whatever counsel could have done at arraignment on a defendant’s behalf, counsel is free to do thereafter. 22 Oklahoma Statutes § 451 et seq.
As to complaint (2) that his plea of guilty was entered by reason of duress,
As to complaint (3) that the Petitioner was denied confrontation of witnesses against him, the Court finds that this complaint is without merit, since as above determined the Petitioner entered a voluntary and intelligent plea of guilty to the crime of which he was charged. A voluntary and intelligent plea of guilty by an accused constitutes a waiver of his right to be confronted by witnesses who would testify against him. This is because a voluntary plea of guilty acknowledges guilt and dispenses with the presentation of witnesses against the accused. Ex parte Gault, 78 Okl.Cr. 172, 146 P.2d 133 (1944), cert. denied 325 U.S. 873, 65 S.Ct. 1414, 89 L.Ed. 1991.
As to complaint (4) that no mental observation was made of the Petitioner until after he was sentenced, the Petitioner enlarged this complaint at the trial to include the claim that he was mentally incompetent at the time he entered his plea of guilty. Treating this complaint as so enlarged, habeas corpus is an available remedy to test the mental capacity of the defendant at the time of the entry of a plea of guilty and at the time of being sentenced. Nunley v. Taylor (Tenth Cir. 1964), 330 F.2d 611; Nipp v. United States (Tenth Cir. 1963), 324 F.2d 711; Ellison v. United States (Tenth Cir. 1963), 324 F.2d 710; Bishop v. United States, 350 U.S. 961, 76 S.Ct. 440, 100 L.Ed. 835 (1956); Sanders v. United States, 373 U.S. 1, 83 S.Ct. 1068, 10 L.Ed.2d 148 (1963). First, as to his original complaint, there was a state procedure available for mental observation before trial or sentence,
However, as above indicated, this Court will consider in this habeas proceeding the claim of Petitioner that he was mentally incompetent when he entered his plea of guilty in state court. The Petitioner testified to an oil field accident some time prior to the crime involved herein which he thinks may have caused mental ineompetency, and points to the fact that after being sent to the penitentiary and being confined therein for approximately six months he was sent to a state mental institution where he was confined for approximately five years before being returned to the state penitentiary. The evidence discloses that the Petitioner did not complain to his attorneys of having a mental problem during the period of a week that they represented him, nor did the attorney who testified herein find anything in the Petitioner’s behavior which suggested to him that he should ask for a mental examination of the Petitioner. The Petitioner had not been found incompetent by a court and had not been confined in a mental institution prior to the events involved herein. It was the testimony of Petitioner’s attorney that other than being nervous, which he attributed to the seriousness of the offense' with which Petitioner was charged and the possibility of a death sentence, the Petitioner appeared normal, talked normally, understood what the attorney told him, and gave no indications of mental disease or mental incompetency at any time. There was no expert medical testimony presented to the Court by either side. The Court, therefore, finds from the evidence presented that the Petitioner at the time-of his plea of guilty and sentencing herein was not mentally incompetent but was in possession of his mental faculties, understood the nature of the proceedings in which he was involved, and was able to assist his counsel in the defense of the case. Therefore, from the evidence presented the Court makes the factual determination that the Petitioner was not-mentally incompetent when he entered his plea of guilty and was sentenced herein.
In view of the foregoing, the Court finds that the Petitioner has failed to sustain his burden to show that he is-entitled to relief in the nature of habeas corpus on any ground raised. Accordingly, his Petition for a Writ of HabeasCorpus in this Court should be dismissed. Counsel for Respondent will prepare an appropriate judgment to this effect and. submit the same to the Court.
. The rule in Miranda v. State of Arizona, 384 U.S. 496, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, 10 A.L.R.3d 974 (1966), is not retroactive, Johnson v. State of New Jersey, 384 U.S. 719, 86 S.Ct. 1772, 16 L.Ed. 2d 882 (1966), and does not apply to this case.
. Particularly 22 Oklahoma Statutes § 465 which provides that the arraignment consists of reading the indictment or information to the defendant and asking him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty thereto; 22 Oklahoma Statutes § 502 where the only pleading on the part of a defendant is either a demurrer or a plea, and 22 Oklahoma Statutes § 503 where both the demurrer and the plea must be put in open court either at time of the arraignment or at such other time as may be allowed; 22 Oklahoma Statutes § 561 where change of venue may be applied for at any time before the trial is begun; 22 Oklahoma Statutes §, 517 which allows the Court to permit a plea of guilty to be withdrawn at any time before judgment, and 22 Oklahoma Statutes § 492 which allows the Court at any time to permit a motion to be filed to set aside the indictment or information or plead thereto.
. The case at bar is clearly distinguishable from Hamilton v. State of Alabama, 368 U.S. 52, 82 S.Ct. 157, 7 L.Ed.2d 114 (1961). Under Alabama procedure, a defendant in a criminal case loses several important rights and defenses if the same are not asserted at time of arraignment. This is not so in Oklahoma. The procedure in Oklahoma is like that in New York as stated in United States ex rel. Hussey v. Fay (S.D.N.Y.-1963), 220 F. Supp. 562.
The case at bar is also clearly distinguishable from Berryhill v. Page (Tenth Cir.-1965), 349 F.2d 984. In Berryhill the accused plead guilty and the record did not reflect an offer of the trial judge to appoint counsel. In the case at bar, the accused did not plead guilty but plead not guilty and the trial judge immediately appointed counsel.
. 22 Oklahoma Statutes 1941, § 1162 provided :
“When an indictment or information is called for trial, or upon conviction the defendant is brought up for judgment, if a doubt arises as to the sanity of the defendant, the court must order a jury to be impaneled * * * to inquire into the fact.” See Rice v. State, 80 Okl.Or. 277, 158 P.2d 912 (1945).