155 Mo. 157 | Mo. | 1900
This is an action in ejectment to recover an undivided one-sixth interest in sixty-nine and fifty-three hundredths acres of land in Lincoln county.
John H. Simpson married a widow, who had two children, Belle Simpson and Camelia Woodson who are the plaintiffs in this action. There were born of that marriage two children, Pannie and Riley. Mr. Simpson died January 18, 1816, seized of the land in controversy, besides other real and personal property. By his will he devised all his property, real, personal and mixed, to John Hutton and John Cockrell (and also appointed them his executors) in trust for the following purposes: to have “full power and authority to lease, rent, manage and control all my real estate, and to manage and control and dispose of all my personal property as they may deem best for the interest of my estate,” with power to sell the personal, but no power to sell the real property, and out of the rents' and profits of the real estate and the proceeds of the personal, to provide, first, for the support and maintenance of his widow Leonora (with the right to her to occupy the dwelling house, garden and out houses), as long as she lived and remained single and unmarried; second, for the support, maintenance and education
About fifteen months after his death Eiley died intestate, leaving as his heirs at law his mother Leonora, his full sister Eannie (now intermarried with Joseph Nelson) and his two half sisters, the plaintiffs. On the 24th of December, 1894, the widow, Leonora, and the surviving child of the testator, Eannie Nelson, conveyed this property, by warranty deed, to the defendant James Erisner for a consideration of $1,390, and he entered upon the possession thereof and has ever since claimed it adversely to every one. The trustee BEutton resigned on the 5th of August, 1887, as did also the trustee Cockrell on. the 8th of July, 1878. Thereupon the probate court appointed Josiah Creech, administrator de bonis non, with the will annexed, and he was still acting as such at the time of the trial of this case. On the 16th of February, 1897, the plaintiffs instituted this action against Erisner to recover an undivided one-sixth interest in the land, to which they became entitled as heirs of their half brother, Eiley Simpson, deceased. Upon their motion, the widow, Leonora, and the half-sister, Eannie Nelson, and her husband, were made parties defendant. The answers are general denials. No instructions were asked, given or refused. The circuit court entered jiidgment for the plaintiffs and defendants appealed.
Upon the faith, of Sieferer v. St. Lonis, 141 Mo. l. c. 592, the judgment of the circuit court might be affirmed because no declarations of law were asked or refused and hence this court is not advised as to the theory upon which the trial court proceeded, and because this court will not apply the law to the facts unless there is an agreed statement of facts, or the evidence is wholly documentary. But we are not content to rest the decision of this case upon that ground, for it would be a miscarriage of justice in this instance.
II.
The sole ground' relied on by the defendants in this court is that the plaintiffs were not seized of the legal title at the time this action was commenced, and Ford v. French, 72 Mo. 250 and Dunlap v. Henry, 76 Mo. 106, are cited and relied on to support the contention. The general proposition established by the cases cited, and many others, can not be denied.
The postulate of this, contention is that the will vested the fee in the trustees so long -as the widow lived and remained unmarried, and that the trustees can not destroy the trust estate by resignation, that none of the children were vested with a fee simple interest until the death of the widow which has not yet occurred, and hence these plaintiffs are not entitled to maintain this action, but that if ejectment is necessary, the proper remedy is to- have a court of equity appoint successors to the trustees who resigned and they, being vested with the- fee, will be charged with the duty of protecting the possession.
The plaintiffs’ answer to this is that the will vested in the trustees only a simple power to manage the estate for the use of the widow and until the children became of age, but
. It is plain that if the will vested the fee in the trustees, and if the trust is an -active trust, it is the duty of the trustees to protect the fee, and that if the trustees become barred by limitation, the cestuis que trust, even though they, be minors or married women or ins’ane persons, will also- be barred. [Walton v. Ketchum, 147 Mo. l. c. 219; Schiffman v. Schmidt, 154 Mo. 204.] And the fact that the trustees resigned does not alter the principle, for it was always in the power of the cestuis que trust to -apply to a court of equity -and have proper trustees appointed.
It is equally plain that the will did not vest in the trustees a simple power, for the language of the will is: “And for the purpose of carrying out my will -and disposing of my property -according to my desire, I hereby give and'bequeath to John Hutton and John Cockrell, both of said county and state, -all my property, real, personal and mixed, -in trust however for the purposes hereinafter mentioned.” Then follows the direction as to the support of his wife, his two children and his step-daughter, Belle, and the specific legacy to Belle, and then the will proceeds: “I desire- that all my property, real, personal and mixed remaining after providing for the comfort and support of my said wife according to the -above plan, limitations and conditions, and the support maintenance and education of my children and step child, be divided equally -share and share- -alike between my two children E-anny and Riley, and any other child or children that
The will also required the trustees to lease, rent, manage and control the real property, to manage, control and dispose of the personal property as they deemed best, to keep the real property in repair and to make bi-annual settlements.
It is manifest that this use was not executed by the Statute of Uses, but that the case falls within the third rule of construction, to wit: “Where such powers or duties were imposed with the estate upon a donee to uses that it was necessary that he should continue to hold the legal title in order to perform his duty or execute the power.” [1 Perry on Trusts (5 Ed.), sec. 800.] Speaking of thiis the learned author says: “The third rule of construction is less technical, and relates to special or active trusts, which were never within the purview of the statute. Therefore if an agency, duty, or power be imposed on the trustee, as by a limitation to a trustee and his heirs to pay the rents, or to convey the estate, or if any control is to be exercised or duty performed by the trustee in applying the rents to a person’s maintenance, or in malcing repairs, or to preserve contingent remainders, or to raise a sum of money, or to dispose of the estate by sale — in all these eases, and in other or like cases, the operation of the statute is excluded, and the trusts or uses remain equitable estates. So if the trustee is to exercise any discretion in the management of the estate, in the investment of the proceeds or the principal, or in the application of the income, or if the purpose of the trust is to protect the estate for a given time, or until the death of some one, or until division, or until a request for a conveyance is made.” [1 Perry on Trusts (5 Ed.), sec. 305.]
The trustees under the will were given power to exercise a control, were charged with the duty of applying the rents to the maintenance of the widow and children, of mak
The sale by the widow and Fannie to the defendant Erisner did not .give him a right to the possession nor divest the title of the trustees. It is as much the duty of the trustees to control and rent this property as it is any other property belonging to the trust estate, and to keep and apply such rents for the support of the widow, and after her death to divide the remainder among the children of the testator. The fact that the rents from other property or the proceeds of the sale of the personal property is sufficient to support the widow is wholly immaterial. The. rents from this land must be put into the same purse and applied and accounted for in the same manner with the other rents and proceeds.
The deed from the widow and Fannie conferred no present right to possession to any part of the property upon the defendant Erisner, as against the trustees. They had no such right and could confer none upon him. IJpon the death of the widow he will be entitled to the part of the real property acquired from them. But the same reasoning and
Eor these reasons the judgment of the circuit court is reversed.