Lead Opinion
Angela Simmons appeals the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Savannah (the “City”) in Simmons’ personal injury action against the City. The sole issue on appeal concerns the sufficiency of Simmons’ ante litem notice as required under OCGA § 36-33-5 (b).
Viewed in favor of nonmovant Simmons,
Evidence in the record indicates that Simmons first orally notified the City of her injuries on November 28, 2005, and the City’s incident report lists the location of her fall as 31st and Waters Avenue. An investigator checked her claim and photographed the site, captioning the photographs “East 31t [sic] and Waters Ave.” Afterwards, the investigator issued a work order to lower the meter boxes at 1108 East 31st Street. City records reflect that on December 5, 2005, the meter boxes at 1108 East 31st Street were reset and lowered to the proper elevation pursuant to that work order.
The City investigator noted in his report, however, that the City had no prior knowledge of any problems with the meter boxes and recommended that the City deny Simmons’ claim. Subsequently, on December 19, 2005, a representative of the City’s risk management division wrote Simmons at the 31st Street address to inform her that the City denied any responsibility for her injuries due to lack of prior notice. On March 16, 2006, Simmons submitted a formal ante litem notice to the City pursuant to OCGA § 36-33-5. The ante litem notice recited the events surrounding her fall, but erroneously identified the location of the incident as “1108 E. 63rd Street.” (Emphasis supplied.) The City responded by letter dated March 28, 2006, denying Simmons’ claim and noting that
[t]he water meters in question are situated in the tree lawn between the street and the sidewalk. They are clearly visible and open to view. Should the petitioner have exercised ordinary care in exiting her vehicle, she would have seen the water meters and avoided stepping on them.
The letter, however, did not reference the address or location of the water meters it described.
Simmons filed the complaint in this action on November 14, 2007. Although the complaint alleged that Simmons exited her car at “1108 E. 31st Street,” it further alleged that her mother resided at “1108 E. 63rd Street” and that she tripped and fell over the water meter while walking from her car to her mother’s house. Simmons later amended her complaint to correct her mother’s address to “1108 E. 31st Street.” The City subsequently moved for summary judgment on the ground that Simmons’ ante litem notice failed to meet the requirements of OCGA § 36-33-5 (b), and the trial court granted that motion.
Within six months of the happening of the event upon which a claim against a municipal corporation is predicated, the person, firm, or corporation having the claim shall present the claim in writing to the governing authority of the municipal corporation for adjustment, stating the time, place, and extent of the injury, as nearly as practicable, and the negligence which caused the injury. No action shall be entertained by the courts against the municipal corporation until the cause of action therein has first been presented to the governing authority for adjustment.
(Emphasis supplied.) “Satisfaction of this notice requirement is a condition precedent to bringing suit against a municipal corporation for damages resulting from injuries to person or property.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Atlanta Taxicab Co. Owners Assn. v. City of Atlanta,
Nevertheless, because the statute is in derogation of the common law, it must be strictly construed against the City. Canberg v. City of Toccoa,
[t]he information supplied will be deemed sufficient if it puts a municipality on notice of the general character of the complaint, and, in a general way, of the time, place, and extent of the injury. The act recognizes, by the use of the words “as near[ly] as practicable,” that absolute exactness need not be had.
(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Atlanta Taxicab Co. Owners
Applying these principles in this case, we are constrained to agree with the trial court that Simmons’ ante litem notice was insufficient. The notice, while giving the date and the particulars of Simmons’ fall, failed to properly or even generally identify where the incident actually occurred. As the trial court noted, the location specified in the ante litem notice “appears to be more than 30 blocks from the correct location.” And while Simmons previously gave an oral report of the incident, allowing the City to investigate the actual site of the fall, Simmons cannot rely upon such oral notice to satisfy the requirements of OCGA § 36-33-5.
[0]ral notice, even when combined with written notice, cannot satisfy the ante litem requirements. The written notice itself must substantially comply with those requirements, or the claimant’s suit is barred. Furthermore, the written notice must “provide the municipality with enough information to enable it to conduct an investigation into the alleged injuries and determine if the claim should be settled without litigation.’’'Regardless of whether the City and/or its insurer obtain sufficient information elsewhere — such as through an oral report — to investigate a claim, the claimant must give written notice under OCGA § 36-33-5 (b).
Vaillant v. City of Atlanta,
Thus Simmons cannot rely upon the fact of the City’s earlier investigation and repairs to avoid the requirements of OCGA § 36-33-5 '(b), and the ante litem notice alone does not fulfill the purposes behind the statute. For example, the City would have been entitled to conclude from the written notice that Simmons was revising her earlier report to state an entirely different location for her fall. And it is unclear from the City’s response to the notice whether it relied upon an investigation of the meter boxes on E. 31st Street in denying Simmons’ claim or whether the City conducted a separate investigation of meter boxes on E. 63rd Street. Certainly, the reason given for denying the claim in the ante litem notice is
Accordingly, we must affirm the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of the City. See Colvin v. City of Thomasville,
Contrary to Simmons’ argument, this Court’s opinion in City of Fairburn v. Clanton,
Judgment affirmed.
Notes
“Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. We review the grant of summary judgment de novo, construing the evidence in favor of the nonmovant.” (Citations and punctuation omitted.) White v. Ga. Power Co.,
Nor does the fact that the complaint eventually stated the correct address relieve Simmons of the burden of providing an accurate ante litem notice. “Because the giving of ante-litem notice is a condition precedent to bringing suit against a municipality, the notification itself cannot be accomplished by amendment after suit has been filed.” (Citation omitted.) Atlanta Taxicab Co. Owners Assn. v. City of Atlanta,
Concurrence Opinion
concurring specially.
Because the error in the written ante litem notice was such that if the City had no knowledge of the claim other than what was written in the notice, it would not have been able to investigate the location of Simmons’s injury, I am constrained to join in the judgment of the majority that the written notice was insufficient
The City does not claim that it thought the typographical error in the street address contained in the written ante litem notice was actually a new and different claim from what it had previously investigated on behalf of Simmons. The City simply relies on the fact of the typographical error to support its motion to dismiss.
As a result, it is absurd that this claim would be dismissed because of a typographical error that in no way impacted the City’s ability to conduct its investigation (which had already occurred) or its ability to determine if the claim should be settled without litigation.
See Vaillant v. City of Atlanta,
Atlanta Taxicab Co. Owners Assn. v. City of Atlanta,