Rosalina Silaya (“Rosalina”) 1 seeks review of the BIA’s decision denying her application for asylum, withholding of removal (“withholding”), and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). Because the record compels a finding that Rosalina was subjected to past persecution on account of imputed political opinion, we grant the petition with respect to the asylum claim and remand to the BIA.
I
BACKGROUND
Rosalina is a native and citizen of the Philippines. She entered the United States in May of 1985 as a non-immigrant visitor. When she remained beyond the visa’s authorized stay, she was charged with and conceded removability. Subsequently, Rosalina submitted an application for asylum, withholding, and relief under CAT.
Rosalina was born in San Mateo Sur, Philippines. Her father Estaqiou was a World War II veteran who served under General Douglas McArthur. The people of San Mateo Sur knew he was a veteran because it was a small town, and he received a pension from the government.
While she was growing up, Rosalina heard stories about the New People’s Army (“NPA”). The NPA “is a violent, revolutionary Communist group which actively opposes the Philippine government” and “has a well-documented history of political violence.”
Borja v. INS,
Rosalina testified that NPA members came to her house often and asked for food and money. She said her father gave them what they asked for because he knew that the NPA was against the government, and, because he was a World War II veteran, the NPA was against him too. According to Rosalina’s testimony, her father feared that if he didn’t give the NPA food or money, they would come back and hurt him and his family. Rosalina said her *1069 family was scared of the NPA because her “father supported the government and because he was a military veteran.” She said also that when the NPA came to the house and spoke to her father, “[t]hey would always make comments like ‘when is your daughter[Rosalina] going to grow up?’ or ‘is she going to stay here and live with you in San Mateo Sur?’ ”
Rosalina testified that when she was about fourteen, her older sister Salvación was kidnaped and missing for almost a month. When Salvación returned, “she [was] a mess. She ha[d] a lot of bruises, scars, clothes torn apart, half-way naked, people laugh[ed]. My sister was, lost her mind. She’s not the same.” When questioned as to whether she knew who had taken her sister, Rosalina said, “My father had the idea and he said they are NPA people.” The Silayas later found out that Salvación had been raped.
After Salvación was kidnaped, and when Rosalina was approximately sixteen, Rosa-lina’s father sent her to Manila to live with her sister Candelaria because it was too dangerous for her to stay in the family home. Rosalina believed her father sent her away to protect her from the NPA. She finished high school in Manila and worked in a bakery.
Around Rosalina’s twenty-third birthday, she went back to San Mateo Sur to see her parents. When Rosalina’s bus arrived in San Mateo Sur, several men from the NPA stopped her and asked her if she was Estaqiou’s daughter. She told them she was. The men walked her to her house, telling her “they knew about [her] father.”
In the middle of the night, the men returned to the house. Rosalina and her mother hid in the bedroom. The men pushed the door to the house open and asked Estaqiou where Rosalina was. Ro-salina heard sounds like people were fighting in the other room and heard the men saying, “I want your daughter.” The Sila-ya family’s dog barked at the men until they cut its head off with a sword.
Eventually, the men overpowered Rosa-lina’s father and put a sword to his throat. They came into the bedroom and punched Rosalina’s mother, knocking her to the ground. Rosalina said she “heard the men yelling about [her] father being a war veteran.” Although Rosalina initially fought the men, one of them hit her, and she lost consciousness.
Rosalina woke up later to find she had been blindfolded and taken away from her home. She was naked, her hands were tied behind her back, and she was hanging upside down by her feet. She could hear the men laughing at her. Over the next three days, the men repeatedly raped her, hit her, yelled at her, and forced her to perform oral sex. They cut her, poured hot thick liquid on her, and burned her, possibly with cigarettes. The men threatened to cut off her head and put her in the fire pit. They left her hanging upside down “so she will learn her lesson.”
After three days and three nights, the men returned Rosalina to her family home. She testified that the men carried her back home and threw her in the living room, still bound and naked. The next morning, her parents sent her back to Manila. Ro-salina later found out she was pregnant as a result of the repeated rapes.
Rosalina was angry and ashamed by her pregnancy. She tried to abort the baby by drinking clorox and taking pills, but her attempts were unsuccessful. On August 29, 1983, she gave birth to her daughter, Maria Analisa. After Candelaria saw Ro-salina hitting the baby, she sent the baby to live in San Mateo Sur with Mr. and Mrs. Silaya. Rosalina believes that her parents sent Maria Analisa back to Manila *1070 when she was seven to live with Candela-ria because they were “still afraid that the NPA soldiers would come back.” .
Rosalina said that although no NPA members approached her in Manila, she was still afraid. Rosalina said she “was fearful, all the time. Wherever I went in the Philippines, even in Manila, I was afraid the NPA soldiers would find me and torture me again.” Because of this fear, Rosalina took a job as a nanny and came to the United States in 1985.
The Immigration Judge (“IJ”) found Ro-salina not credible and denied her application for asylum on that ground. In the alternative,, he denied her application for asylum because she did not demonstrate a nexus between the mistreatment she suffered and a protected ground. The IJ found algo that the social group that Rosa-lina claimed to be a member of for refugee purposes was too broad. He further found that it was possible for Rosalina to relocate to Manila. He denied also her applications for withholding and CAT protection.
The BIA reversed the adverse credibility finding, but otherwise affirmed the IJ. It found also that the IJ did not commit a due process violation when he denied Ro-salina’s motion to permit her relatives to testify by telephone.
II
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review findings of fact for substantial evidence.
Li v. Ashcroft,
Ill
DISCUSSION
A. Past Persecution
To be eligible for asylum, Rosalina must show that she is unwilling or unable to return to her country of origin “because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A). “Once eligibility is established, it is within the Attorney General’s discretion to grant asylum.”
Lopez-Galarza v. INS,
As a preliminary matter, the rape and physical abuse inflicted on Rosalina support a finding of past persecution under 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A). See id. at 959. Consequently, the issue before us is whether the record compels a conclusion that the NPA subjected Rosalina to past persecution on account of a protected ground. We hold that the record compels a conclusion that Rosalina was persecuted on account of an imputed political opinion.
“An imputed political opinion is a political opinion attributed to the applicant by his persecutors.”
Sangha v. INS,
This is not the first time we have considered whether the NPA targeted a victim for rape on account of an imputed political opinion. In
Ochave v. INS,
In analyzing the petitioner’s imputed political opinion claim, we reviewed both her testimony and her application for asylum. Id. at 865. The petitioner testified that: 1) the rape may have been a random act of violence; 2) other people in the area were raped; and 3) she did not know the rapists before the attack. Id. at 863. In light of this testimony, we explained that the only evidence in the record supporting the petitioner’s claim that she was persecuted on account of imputed political opinion was her statement in her application for asylum:
My father was employed by the government in the year that the rape occurred. The two men who raped my daughter and I were members of the guerrillas who were trying to overthrow the government. Because my father had a title, ‘Municipal Counselor’, my family was viewed as being reactionary in the Marxist eyes of the Communist guerrillas.
Id. at 865. Consequently, we concluded that there was no evidence that the rapists knew who petitioner and her daughter were, let alone who petitioner’s father was. Id. at 865-66. We came to this conclusion because, among other things: 1) the rapists never identified the petitioner by name, nor did they mention her father or refer to politics, id. at 865; 2) the rape did not occur in a place “that would suggest that the rapists were seeking [the petitioner] and her daughter specifically” — like her home, id. at 866; 3) the NPA raped and harassed a lot of people in the area where the petitioner was raped, id.; and 4) the petitioner admitted that the NPA did not continue to harass her or attempt to communicate with her after the rape, “so as to suggest that this was a purposeful attack with a political motive, rather than a despicable act of unmotivated violence against a stranger,” id. We concluded “in order to impute a political opinion to his victim on account of her family’s activities, a rapist necessarily must have some idea who the victim is. That crucial fact— which is a logical predicate to [petitioner’s] entire claim — is not established anywhere in this record, including her application.” Id.
Although the facts in
Ochave
are markedly similar in many aspects to the facts in the case at bar, there are some key differences that compel a different result. First, unlike in
Ochave,
the NPA came to Rosalina’s house long before the kidnaping and rape and asked her father when she was going to grow up, indicating that they knew who Rosalina was.
Compare Ochave,
Rosalina has demonstrated the facts that we said in
Ochave
are necessary to prove an imputed political asylum claim— the NPA members knew who she was, knew who her father was, and made comments indicating that Rosalina was chosen as a victim because of her father’s ties to the Philippine government.
See also Lopez-Galarza,
B.Future Persecution
Because Rosalina suffered past persecution, she is entitled to a presumption of future persecution. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(1);
Borja,
C. Humanitarian Asylum
Even in the absence of a well-founded fear of future persecution, because Rosalina has established past persecution, the BIA has discretion to grant her humanitarian asylum pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(l)(iii).
See Kebede,
D. Withholding of Removal
The BIA held that Rosalina failed to prove eligibility for asylum, and consequently it assumed that she could not satisfy the higher standard for withholding. Because we hold that Rosalia is statutorily eligible for asylum because she established past persecution, we remand “so that the [BIA] may apply the law to the facts” of her withholding claim.
See Mashiri v. Ashcroft,
*1073 E. Internal Relocation
Because Rosalina has demonstrated past persecution, the government bears the burden of proof regarding the reasonableness of relocation within the Philippines. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(l)(ii). In this case, it is not clear whether the BIA held the government to its burden or whether it put the burden of proof on Rosalina. Therefore, we remand to the BIA to apply the proper burden of proof and to consider evidence relating to the reasonableness factors listed in 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(3).
F. Relief Under CAT
We deny Rosalina’s petition for relief under CAT because she has not demonstrated that, more likely than not, she will be tortured at the instigation of, or with the acquiescence of the Philippine government.
See Zheng v. Ashcroft,
IV
CONCLUSION
The facts of this case compel a conclusion that members of the NPA kidnaped, raped, and abused Rosalina because her father was a World War II veteran. Because we conclude that the evidence compels a finding that Rosalina was subjected to past persecution on account of imputed political opinion, we grant the petition for review with respect to the asylum claim and remand this case to the BIA to consider future persecution, humanitarian asylum, withholding of removal, and whether internal relocation is reasonable. 2 Costs are awarded to Silaya.
PETITION GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.
Notes
. We refer to petitioner and her family members by first name to avoid confusion.
. In light of this conclusion and the BIA's reversal of the IJ’s adverse credibility finding, we need not address Rosalina's plausible claim that the IJ's refusal to let her witnesses testify telephonically constituted a due process violation. However, if the BIA reaches the issue of relocation on remand, it must afford both parties the opportunity to present additional evidence.