MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Plaintiffs Jeffery S. Shupe, aka Jeffrey S. Shupe, and Olivia J. Shupe originally brought this lawsuit against Defendants Nationstar Mortgage LLC; Bank of America, N.A.; and U.S. Bank, National Association in state court, alleging various violations of California state law in the handling of Plaintiffs’ mortgage. Defendants removed the suit to this Court, ECF No. 1, and Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed Bank of America as a defendant with prejudice, ECF No. 13. Plaintiffs ultimately filed a Second Amended Complaint (“SAC”), ECF No. 17, and now before the Court is Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (“MTD”) that complaint for failure to state a claim, ECF No. 21. For the reasons that follow, Defendants’ MTD is GRANTED.
BACKGROUND
In 2006, Plaintiffs executed a Deed of Trust and Adjustable Rate Note to borrow $862,500 from Bank of America, N.A. (“BANA”). In 2011, Plaintiffs fell behind
In 2012, Plaintiffs filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. U.S. Bank objected to Plaintiffs’ Chapter 13 Plan, and Plaintiffs failed to pursue the bankruptcy, resulting in its dismissal.
In 2013, Nationstar became the servicer of Plaintiffs’ loan, and subsequently, Plaintiffs engaged Nationstar in discussions to explore loan modification options and other foreclosure alternatives. Nationstar initially refused to consider foreclosure alternatives due to the loan being coded as “in bankruptcy.” Eventually, though, Nations-tar reviewed a loan modification application from Plaintiffs, and the application was denied on April 14, 2016, on the basis of “negative disposable income.” Plaintiffs appealed this decision; Nationstar processed the appeal, and eventually denied the appeal on June 3, 2016.
In response, Plaintiffs filed suit, alleging Defendants violated California’s Homeowner Bill of Rights (“HBOR”), instituted a wrongful foreclosure, negligently handled Plaintiffs’ loan modification application, and that these violations constitute unlawful, unfair, or fraudulent business practices under California’s Unfair Competition Law (“UCL”). Plaintiffs seek damages, injunctive relief, and declaratory relief. Defendants assert that Plaintiffs have failed to state a claim, and accordingly have moved to dismiss the case under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 12(b)(6).
STANDARD
On a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), all allegations of material fact must be accepted as true and construed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Cahill v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.,
Furthermore, “Rule 8(a)(2) ... requires a showing, rather than a blanket assertion, of entitlement to relief.” Id. at 555 n.3,
A court granting a motion to dismiss a complaint must then decide whether to grant leave to amend. Leave to amend should be “freely given” where there is no “undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, ... undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of allowance of the amendment, [or] futility of the amendment....” Foman v. Davis,
ANALYSIS
Plaintiffs allege four separate violations of HBOR (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 2923.6, 2923.7, 2924.10, 2924), along with causes of action for negligence and violations of the California’s UCL. They also seek to quiet title to their property as well as declarative relief. Each cause of action is addressed below in turn.
A. Violation of California Civil Code § 2923.6
Part of HBOR, California Civil Code § 2923.6 places restrictions on the recording of Notices of Default or Notices of Trustee’s Sale while a loan modification application is pending. Defendants argue that they have fully complied with § 2923.6, and indeed Plaintiffs concede in their opposition that Defendants “are not currently in violation” of § 2923.6. Pls.’ Opp’n to MTD, ECF No. 23, at 13. Accordingly, the first cause of action is DISMISSED.
B. Violation of California Civil Code § 2923.7
Also part of HBOR, California Civil Code § 2923.7 requires the provision of a single point of contact (“SPOC”) in relation to a request for a mortgage modification. Plaintiffs allege that they requested a SPOC when they completed their loan
Plaintiffs, however, fail to provide any factual support to these conclusory allegations. They give no details that would give Defendants fair notice of the claims made against them, such as whom was assigned as their representatives or when Plaintiffs attempted to contact their assigned representatives.
Furthermore, a violation of § 2923.7 is actionable only when that violation is material. A material violation is one where “the alleged violation affected a plaintiffs loan obligations or the modification process.” Cornejo v. Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC,
Plaintiffs’ claims for relief also fail. Violations of § 2923.7, as dictated in § 2924.12, can support either injunctive or monetary relief. Monetary relief is only available after a foreclosure sale has been recorded. Cal. Civ. Code § 2924.12(b). Injunctive relief is available prior to such a sale. Id § 2924.12(a). Plaintiffs here appear to seek both kinds of relief.
No foreclosure sale has been recorded— a Notice of Trustee’s Sale was filed in 2012, but was rescinded later thgt same year — rendering monetary relief unavailable. Furthermore, injunctive relief is available only if a foreclosure sale is pending. See, e.g., Tobin v. Nationstar Mortg., Inc., No. 2:16-cv-00836-CAS (ASX),
C. Violation of California Civil Code § 2924.10
Also part of HBOR, California Civil Code § 2924.10 requires mortgage servi-cers to provide written acknowledgement of the receipt of documents “[wjhen a borrower submits a complete first lien modification application.” Cal. Civ. Code § 2924.10(a). Section 2924.10 also requires mortgage servicers to include certain information in “its initial acknowledgment of receipt of the loan modification application.” Id.
Plaintiffs here allege that they received no such written acknowledgement or information after they submitted a complete application on February 16, 2016. SAC, ¶¶ 55-56. Similar to violations of § 2923.7, violations of § 2924.10 are actionable only when such violations are material. Plaintiffs have provided no facts that support a finding that any violations of
Furthermore, again as with Plaintiffs’ claims under § 2923.7, Plaintiffs are not entitled to injunctive relief because no foreclosure sale is pending. Accordingly, Defendants’ Motion is GRANTED as to Plaintiffs’ third cause of action.
D. Violation of Cal. Civ. Code § 2924
In Plaintiffs’ fourth cause of action under HBOR, they allege that the Notice of Default placed on their property is “void as a matter of law” because it contains incorrect information such as the property address. SAC, ¶ 68. Accordingly, they seek injunctive relief rescinding the Notice as void. Id. ¶ 71.
Defendants argue that Plaintiffs’ claim must fail because the Notice was recorded by a non-party — BAÑA—and because the three-year statute of limitations lapsed— the Notice was recorded five years ago. Defs.’ MTD, at 12-13. Plaintiffs do not contest the applicable statute of limitations, but instead argue that injunctive relief is available because “[a] nonjudicial foreclosure sale under the power of sale in a deed of trust or mortgage ... must be conducted in strict compliance with its provisions and applicable statutory law.” Pls.’ Opp’n to MTD, at 14 (citing Coppola v. Superior Court,
Plaintiffs’ argument suffers the same defect as their second and third causes of action: Plaintiffs have not alleged that any foreclosure sale is currently pending. Accordingly, the fourth cause of action is DISMISSED.
E. Negligence
Defendants argue Plaintiffs’ negligence claim is deficient because Defendants owed Plaintiffs no duty of care. Defs.’ MTD, at 14-15.
Under California law, it is unclear whether lenders owe borrowers a duty of care when considering loan modification applications. See Carbajal v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. CV 14-7851 PSG (PLAx),
[1] the extent to which the transaction was intended to affect the plaintiff, [2] the foreseeability of harm to him, [3] the degree of certainty that the plaintiff suffered injury, [4] the closeness of the connection between the defendant’s conduct and the injury suffered, [5] the moral blame attached to the defendant’s conduct, and [6] the policy of preventing future harm.
Id. (alterations in original) (citations omitted).
In Lueras v. BAC Home Loans Servicing L.P.,
This Court agrees that the Lueras court is more persuasive. Loan modifications are essentially arms-length negotiations that impose no common law duties upon borrowers. Instead, a borrower and lender’s “rights, duties, and obligations ... [a]re set forth in the note and deed of trust, the Forbearance Agreement, federal and state statutes and regulations, and the directives and announcements of the United States Department of the Treasury and Fannie Mae.” Lueras,
Thus, Plaintiffs’ negligence claim is DISMISSED with prejudice.
F. Violations of the UCL
Plaintiffs claim that Defendants committed “unlawful, unfair, or fraudulent” acts that make out a cause of action under the UCL. See SAC, ¶¶ 100-101. Their SAC also breaks out the different alleged acts between the labels of unlawful, unfair, or fraudulent. See id. ¶¶ 86-98. The allegedly unlawful acts committed by Defendants underpinning Plaintiffs’ UCL claim are largely duplicative of the first through fifth causes of action. To the extent Plaintiffs’ UCL claim alleges additional statutory violations, the allegations are fully conclusory and wholly devoid of facts. The alleged acts Plaintiffs claim to be unfair or fraudulent are also almost completely devoid of facts. Accordingly, these conclusory allegations cannot support a claim under the UCL.
Moreover, as for the alleged violations set out in the first through fifth causes of action, a claim under the UCL must also allege (1) that Plaintiffs suffered an economic injury and (2) that the alleged injury was a result of the violations. Kwikset Corp. v. Superior Court,
Even if Nationstar unlawfully delayed reviewing Plaintiffs’ application, Plaintiffs have failed to establish causation between any delay and an economic harm. Plaintiffs’ application was denied, and therefore any “interest, penalties and fees” would have continued to accumulate regardless of whether Nationstar reviewed their application promptly or after an unlawful delay. Therefore, Plaintiffs’ UCL claim is DISMISSED.
G. Quiet Title
Plaintiffs claim “Defendants ... have no right to title or interest in” their property, SAC ¶ 108, but they provide no reason why this is so. Plaintiffs appear to be asking the Court to set aside a foreclosure sale of their property, but as already explained, Plaintiffs have not, alleged that any foreclosure sale has occurred or is pending. There are no allegations that Defendants’ interest in the home is invalid and Plaintiffs have not tendered the full debt that forms the basis of that interest. Accordingly, Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’ quiet title claim is GRANTED.
H. Declarative Relief
Though styled as a separate cause of action in Plaintiffs’ SAC, their claim for declarative relief is duplicative of their other causes of action. Therefore, it too is DISMISSED.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons articulated above, Defendants’ MTD, ECF No. 21, is GRANTED. Aside from the fifth cause of action, which is barred as a matter of law, the dismissal is without prejudice. Not later than twenty (20) days following the date this order is electronically filed, Plaintiffs may (but are not required to) file an amended complaint. If no amended complaint is filed, this action will be dismissed with prejudice upon no further notice to the parties.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Notes
. Because oral argument would not have been of material assistance, the Court ordered this matter submitted on the briefing. E.D. Cal. L. R. 230(g).
. Unless otherwise noted, the allegations in this section are drawn directly from the allegations of Plaintiffs’ SAC.
. Defendants filed several documents and a Request for Judicial Notice to expound the circumstances surrounding the various bankruptcies and assignments related to the case. ECF No. 22. Plaintiffs objected to the Court taking notice of only one of the documents. See Pis.’ Opp’n to Req. for Judicial Not., ECF No. 24, at 1. The submitted documents, though, have no bearing on the disposition of the current Motion before the Court. The Court does, however, rely on the bankruptcy court’s dismissal order to accurately describe the reason for the dismissal. See Req. for Judicial Not., Ex. H, ECF No. 22-1.