Sherman v. International Bank

| U.S. Circuit Court for the Northern District of Illnois | Dec 15, 1878

DRUMMOND. Circuit Judge.

There are but two questions involved in the case, and I have resolved them both in favor of the plaintiff. The bankrupt was the president of the Cook County Bank, in Chicago, and failed in January, 1875. On the 23d of February fui.owing, a petition in bankruptcy was filed against him in the district court of Iowa. That petition alleged a certain act of bankruptcy committed by him; and Allen, on the 16th of March following, filed an answer denying the act of bankruptcy alleged in the petition. On the 22d of April. 1875, the petition in bankruptcy was amended by alleging other acts of bankruptcy; but Allen made no further objection, and the adjudication of bankruptcy followed on the same day. The adjudication was on the acts of bankruptcy stated in the amendment, and set out in the adjudication. Between the time that the petition was tiled and the date cf the amendment and adjudication, certain securities, which are the subject of controversy in this case, were transferred by Allen to the defendants under the following circumstances: He was arrested on a capias, and held by the officer under the process. In order to relieve himself from arrest, he transferred these securities, and was accordingly released. This was on the 20th of March. The question is as to the status of these securities at the time this took place. Had the bankrupt the right to transfer them? And could the defendants acquire property in them? I think not. The assignment which was made to the assignee related back to the 23d of February, when the petition in bankruptcy was filed, and had effect to transfer all the assets of the bankrupt from that time to the assignee; and the bankrupt, therefore, had no power over his assets to transfer them, and no party could acquire any right in them. By operation of law they vested in the assignee from the 23d of February, and the bankrupt neither could transfer them, nor could others acquire property in tnem.

It is claimed that inasmuch as the adjudication in bankruptcy was made upon the amendment which was filed, and as the transfer to the defendants was made before the amendment was filed, the legal effect was, that the assignment did not vest the assets of the bankrupt on the 23d of February, but on the 22d of April, when the amendment was made, and the adjudication took place. I am not prepared to say but that there might be a case where this principle would be true, as, for example, if there was a petition in bankruptcy filed, upon which the court could not render any decree — which could not he considered, within the meaning of the law, a real, genuine petition in bankruptcy, then it might he true that where an amendment was allowed so as to give it effect as a petition in bankruptcy, the assignment would only take effect from the latter date; but where a legal petition in bankruptcy is filed, it is subject always to the right of the parties who are petitioners, whether the bankrupts, or creditors, to make amendments to the petition. It is filed subject to the power of the court to allow amendments, and, therefore, that is a condition which must always be understood, that it is subject to the right of the petitioners to make amendments, and to the power of the court to permit them; and when made, they, as a general rule, relate back, and take effect from the time that the petition in bankruptcy was filed. It is still a petition in bankruptcy; it still takes effect from the time that it is filed, and the property of the bankrupt is vested in the assignee, in my opinion, from the time that the petition is filed. So that in this case, as the bankrupt undertook to transfer assets of his after his petition in bankruptcy was filed, he had no power over them. The act gave no right, and the defendants acquired none by the transfer. The property by operation of law was vested in the assignee.

The opinion in this ease was affirmed by the supreme court- on appeal in Bank v. Sherman. 101 U.S. 403" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1880-02-18" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/bank-v-sherman-90142?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="90142">101 U. S. 403. As to amendments to petitions in bankruptcy. see. also. In re Williams [Case No. 17,700]: In re Patterson [Id. 10.815]: Stone v. Connelly. 1 Metc. (Ky.). 652: Stoddard v. Myers. 8 Ohio. 203: Gibbon v. Daugherty. 10 Ohio St. 365" court="Ohio" date_filed="1841-12-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/howard-v-trustees-of-whetstone-township-6752310?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6752310">10 Ohio St. 365.

The next question is, whether or not these assets were a part of the estate of the bank- j rupt. I think they were. They grew out of a contract made between the bankrupt and certain other parties, by which a speculation in real estate was arranged, and the agreement contained in the contract was carried into effect, mainly by Allen, the bankrupt. He was to advance the money to purchase the real estate. Upon the advances he was to have ten per cent, interest; and the profits of the speculation were to be divided between him and certain other parties. At the time the petition in bankruptcy was filed, no one else, I think, was interested, although there were other parties originally interested in it; no one else,perhaps, except Mr. Tracy, now dead, and Mr. "Withrow. The interest of Withrow, as I understand, has been ascertained by decree of the court against the assignee, and his rights have been adjudicated. I can have no doubt that there were rights in these assets which grew out .of these real estate operations. and which were in the hánds of Allen, which should properly vest in the assignee. It is not like the case of a partnership where all the partnership property is vested in the surviving partners, in the ease of the death or bankruptcy of one of the partners, and where there are only certain interests which go to the assignee or to the estate. In this case, there was an actual interest such as could pass, and did pass, to the assignee, in this property and in these assets. Allen had made very large advances for the benefit of those who were interested with him. For those advances they owed him, and he had a first claim upon these assets for the advances, amounting to over $(¡0,000, I think; | so that, that was such an interest in Allen at the time his petition in bankruptcy was filed, as would pass to his assignee. If there are any equities in other parties, of course, these equities can be adjusted by proper proceedings against the assignee. The assignee, as the representative of Allen, has the right to control these assets, subject to any equities that may exist.

Now, it may be said, and such is undoubtedly the fact, that this is a hard case for the defendants; but it is like any other act that is done where there are proceedings pending, which proceedings operate as a seizure of the property which is sought to be transferred. For the reasons I have given, I think that the bankruptcy proceedings did operate upon all the assets of the bankrupt from the time that the petition was filed, depriving the bankrupt of all right over them; and, of course, he could exercise none, and could clothe no one else with any right. It is. therefore, the ordinary case of a party who. under circumstances like these, deals with a person who has no right over the property. A great many cases of that kind occur in business matters, where an innocent party has to suffer in consequence of the want of power of another person to convey the property.

I think, therefore, that the plaintiff is entitled to a decree in this case. The questions are important, and especially the one in relation to the bankruptcy — the effect of the petition in bankruptcy and the amendment; and I think there is no decision exactly in point in such a case, although there are some which indicate pretty clearly the general current of authority as to the effect of a petition.