125 S.E. 539 | N.C. | 1924
On 2 January, 1918, H. E. Horton executed and delivered to Victory Horton (now Victoria Horton Shephard, the feme plaintiff) a deed, the material parts of which follow: "This deed ________________ by Harriett E. Horton ________________ to Victory Horton, witnesseth: That the said Harriett E. Horton in consideration of one thousand dollars, to her paid by the party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, has bargained and sold, and by these presents does bargain, sell and convey to the said party of the second part during her natural life and __________ heirs and assigns, a certain tract or parcel of land, etc."
"To have and to hold the aforesaid tract or parcel of land during her natural life, with any and all privileges and appurtenances thereto belonging to the said Victory Horton, __________ heirs and assigns, to her only use and behoof forever. And with the said Harriett E. Horton covenant to and with the said Victoria Horton, heirs and assigns that she is seized of said premises in fee, and has a right to convey the same in fee simple, that the same are free from all encumbrances, and that she will warrant and defend the said title to the same against the claims of all persons whatsoever."
The deed was written on a printed blank form prepared for general use and the words "during her natural life" were written by the draftsman. The blank space in which the word "her, his or their" is usually written before the word "heirs" was not filled. *788
The trial judge held as a matter of law that the deed conveyed to thefeme plaintiff only a life estate, and she thereupon took a nonsuit and appealed. The only question is whether there is error in this ruling.
That the estate conveyed by the deed is a fee simple under the rule inShelley's case, as the plaintiff contends, is a proposition which in our opinion cannot be maintained. This is evident from the language of the rule itself: "Where a person takes an estate of freehold, legally or equitably, under a deed or will, or other writing, and in the same instrument there is a limitation by way of remainder, either with or without the interposition of another estate, of any interest of the same legal or equitable quality to his heirs, or heirs of his body, as a class of persons to take in succession from generation to generation, the limitation to the heirs entitles the ancestor to the whole estate." 4 Kent Com. (215). It is also evident from the decisions. One of the prerequisites to the application of the rule is a limitation in fee or in tail by way of remainder, and such limitation does not appear in the conveyance. Reid v. Neal,
In the construction of deeds the primary rule is to ascertain the real intention of the parties and then to give it effect, unless such intention is controlled by an arbitrary rule of law, as in Shelley's case. Bagwell v.Hines,
Another principle to be considered is this: Ordinarily the written and printed parts of a deed are equally binding; but if they are inconsistent the writing will prevail over the printed form. Miller v. Mowers, 81 N.E. (Ill.), 420; De Paige v. Douglas, 136 S.W. (Mo.), 345; In re Brookfield,
The facts in the case before us are almost identical. As to form, the deed was printed in part and written in part, the words "during her natural life" being in writing. On account of the inconsistency between the written and the printed parts the deed is ambiguous, and, as suggested, we must consider the intention. If the printed form had not been used the words "heirs" would evidently have been omitted, and the intention of the parties would, no doubt, have been more clearly expressed.
If the foregoing principles be applied we must conclude that the deed vests in the grantee an estate for life and not in fee.
The judgment is
Affirmed.