239 F. 653 | 8th Cir. | 1917
Defendant in error, Gas Securities Company, is a New York corporation. The Nile irrigation district is a public corporation created, organized, and existing under
August 3, 1914, defendant in error filed its complaint against said Nile irrigation district, as defendant, alleging the ownership of 1,338 of certain bonds of said district, of the denomination of $500 each. A copy of the bond, set out in the complaint, contains the following recitals :
“This bond is one of series No. 1, and a part of the total issue of bonds of said district aggregating seven hundred thousand dollars ($700,000) authorized to be issued by the votes of the legal electors of said district at an election duly called and held therein on the 15th day of August, A. D. 1908, at which election a majority of the legal electors of said district voted ‘Bonds Ves,’ and the result of said election was so declared and entered of record; that this bond is issued by virtue of the votes cast at said special election pursuant to, and upon the authority of and by full compliance with the provisions of an act of the General Assembly of the state of Colorado, entitled ‘An act in relation to irrigation districts,’ approved May 3, 1905, and all acts amendatory thereof.”
“And it is hereby recited and certified that all acts and things required to be done, and conditions and things required to exist, pursuant to the issuance of this bond, to render the same lawful and valid, have happened and been properly done and performed and did exist in regular and due time, form, and manner as required by law, and said bonds are declared to be the bonds of said district and a legal indebtedness thereof, which indebtedness is a lien upon all the real property in said district, and to be paid by revenue derived' from the annual assessment and taxation upon all real property included within said district, levied and collected under the laws of the state of Colorado.”
The bonds were executed in the name of the district,, signed by the president and secretary, with the seal of the district affixed thereto, all as prescribed by statute. Defendant in error prayed judgment upon certain overdue and unpaid interest coupons in the sum of $60,210, with interest from their maturity. The defendant district filed answer, admitting the indebtedness; and because the board of directors of the district refused to set up certain alleged existing defenses to the coupons sued on, plaintiffs in error sought and were granted permission to intervene in the cause below, and to file their amended answer and verified statement. By their pleadings interveners admit the jurisdictional facts, and also that the defendant district authorized, made, and executed the bonds and coupons thereto attached, as alleged in the complaint, for the purposes therein stated. Five separate defenses to plaintiff’s right to recover are, by plaintiffs in error, thus summarized :
“First, that tbe bonds and coupons involved had not been disposed of by the district board in the manner provided by the irrigation district act; second, that the board attempted to deliver $652,000 of the bonds for a proposed system of irrigation works, no portion of which was in existence at the time*656 - of entering into the contract of purchase, the act requiring that to so exchange bonds the system must be constructed or partially constructed; third, that time was of the essence of the construction contract entered into, and it was therein provided that the system should be completed within 20 months, but, notwithstanding that no construction was done thereunder during said 20 months, the board, long after the expiration of said period, attempted to revive said contract without referring the same to the district electors; fourth, that after the qualified electors had authorized and ratified the original contract, the board entered into a so-called modified contract for the construction of a wholly different and much inferior system of irrigation works, and delivered the most of the bonds and coupons herein involved thereunder, without referring either said original or modified contracts back to the electors for rescission, ratification, or rejection, as provided by said act; and, fifth, that a portion of the bonds involved herein were sold to the contractor for cash with the known purpose in view of defraying therefrom the operating expenses of 'said district, contrary to the express terms of said act.”
It was further alleged that, in addition to the notice furnished by the public records of the irrigation district, the imperfections .claimed were actually known, or at least knowledge thereof was imputable to the present owner, defendant in error. In the trial to the court, sitting as a jury, defendant in error made its prima facie case by the production of the negotiable instruments sued on; their genuineness being admitted. To avoid the expense and time incident to sustaining by proofs such of the defenses pleaded as would, if proven, be of no avail to interveners if the court should find that plaintiff was a purchaser in good faith, for value, without notice, actual or constructive, the order of proof was ruled to begin with the question of bona fide purchase. Interveners were permitted to make a full showing with respect to actual notice of alleged irregularities; but the court ruled that, in view of the recitals in the bonds, defendant in error was not required at its peril, before purchasing the bonds and coupons in controversy, to examine the public records of the irrigation district under which they were issued, and, thus, by anticipation, excluded all such evidence tendered or suggested in support of the defense of constructive notice. Nothing was offered by defendant in error, except the formal proofs aforesaid, and, at the close of the testimony, the court found the issues, including that of bona fide purchase, in favor of defendant in error, and rendered judgment accordingly. The irrigation district declined to.join in the writ of error, and interveners appear as sole plaintiffs in error in this court.
The effect of recitals in bonds of this character in relieving purchasers of all inquiry, notice, and knowledge of the record, action, or omission of the municipal board or other officers of the municipality issuing the same, was elaborately considered by this court in Town of Aurora v. Gates, 125 C. C. A. 329, 332, 336, 337, 208 Fed. 101, 104, 108, 109 (L. R. A. 1915A, 910). It was there held that:
“A municipality or a. quasi municipality may not, by the recitals or certificates in its bonds, estop itself from denying that it is without power to issue them, when the laws are such that there can be no state of facts or of circumstances under which it would have authority to emit them. But, if the laws are such that there might under any state of facts or of circumstances be lawful power in the municipality or quasi municipality to issue its bonds, it may, by recitals therein, estop itself from denying that those facts or circumstances exist and that it has lawful power to send them forth, unless the Constitution or act under which the bonds are issued prescribes some public record as the test. * * * The recitals in municipal bonds by the officers or the representative body invested with power to perform a precedent condition and with authority to determine when that condition has been performed, that all the requirements of law necessary to authorize the issue of the bonds .have been complied with, precludes inquiry, as against an innocent purchaser for value, whether or not the precedent condition had been performed before the bonds were issued. * * * Where, by legislative enactment, authority has been given to the officers of a municipality to issue its bonds on some precedent condition, and where the fact may be gathered from the enactment that those officers were invested with power to‘decide whether or not that condition had been complied with, their recital in the bonds issued by them that it was fulfilled is duly authorized, and it estops the municipality or quasi municipality from proving its falsity to defeat the bonds in the hands of an innocent purchaser. * * * A municipality, a quasi municipality, or a corporation and its officers, who by the apparent legality of their obligations or by recitals of their validity have induced innocent purchasers to invest in them are estopped from denying their legality on the ground that in some of the preliminary proceedings which led to their execution, or in their execution itself, they failed to comply with some law or , rule of action relative to the mere time or manner of their procedure, ypith which they might have lawfully complied, but which they carelessly disregarded.”
In this case the general power and authority of the district and its. officers to issue bonds for the purposes declared, not only appear from the provisions of the act under which the irrigation district was organized, but are admitted in the answer. It is further admitted that
“These bonds were intended for sale; and it was rationally to be expected that they would be put upon distant markets. * * * Everything that tended to depress the market value was adverse to the object the Legislature had in view. It could not have been overlooked that their market value would be disastrously affected if the distant purchasers were under obligation to inquire before their purchase, or whenever they demanded payment of principal or interest, whether certain contingencies of fact had happened before the bonds were issued — contingencies the happening of which it would be almost impossible for them in many cases to ascertain with certainty. Imposing such an obligation upon the purchasers would tend to defeat the primary purpose the Legislature had in view. * * * Such an interpretation ought not to be given to the statute, if it can reasonably be avoided; and we think it may be avoided.” Town of Coloma v. Eaves, 92 U. S. 484, 487, 488 (23 L. Ed. 579).
The foregoing language of the Supreme Court has wide application and discloses the reasoning upon which this rule of estoppel is based. As was said in Bernards Township v. Morrison, 133 U. S. 523, 529, 10 Sup. Ct. 333, 335 (33 L. Ed. 726):
“Whatever may be the hardships of this particular case, to sustain the defenses pressed would go far towards destroying the market value of municipal securities.”
It follows that the judgment of the lower court was right and must be affirmed.
<@r^>For other eases see same topic & KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Dige'sts & Indexes
<@3s>For other cases see same topic & KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests & Indexes