This сase is an appeal by the defendant from a judgment on a jury verdict in favor of plaintiff in the sum -of $1,600 against the defendant after the trial judge had instructed the jury that the defendant- as a matter of law had committed a conversion of plaintiff’s automobile. The only issue submitted to the jury was the damages caused plaintiff based on the valuе of the plaintiff’s automobile at the time of the conversion.
The complaint of plaintiff claimed that the defendant had converted a 1969 Oldsmobile owned by plaintiff and that the value of the auto at the date of conversion was $2,650. The defendant admitted plaintiff had title to the automobile in question and defendant had possеssion of *321 it. It eláimed, as a defense to the alleged conversion, an artisan’s lien for labor on the automobile and counterclaimed for the fair market value of the labor.
Referring to the parties as they were designated in the trial court, the record shows the following undisputed facts. Plaintiff purchased the automobile, with а warranty, from the defendant in December 1968. The automobile was brought into defendant’s garage by plaintiff or' her son from time to time for repairs, which, except for a clutch adjustment and greasing and oil, were made under warranty, including the replacement of the motor in October 1969. While plaintiff’s son was operating the automobilе subsequently, it developed! engine trouble. After plaintiff’s son contacted the defendant, the defendant arranged to have it towed to his garage. The ear was partially dismantled, including the engine, and still remains so since defendant advised plaintiff the trouble was not covered under the warranty. Nothing was done to the' body of the ear. Thereafter, the evidence is conflicting. Defendant’s representative claims he told plaintiff she would be liable for any expenses. Plaintiff claims no one tоld her there would be any charges and that the service manager told her it would be taken care of under the warranty. Later the plaintiff was told by a representаtive of defendant that there was a charge of flfty-two dollars and that she could not have the automobile until she paid that sum, and he instructed employees not tо give plaintiff her automobile. The plaintiff .refused to pay “the cost of repair”-and the automobile is still held by the defendant: Testimony revealed that the ■ automobile had- not been cared for and parts aré- now missing.
At the trials the court stated in' the jury instructions as follows; ■ i .
“I now instruct you that as a. matter of law,-there is. no repairman’slieii in this ease and I further instruct you-that as a-'matter .of law, the defendant did commit an act of conversion of plaintiff’s automobile in this ease.”
The defendant Bill Garlic'Mоtors, Inc;, assigns .as error that the trial judge’s direction to the jury that a conver *322 sion bad occurred as a matter of . law, was error* ¡-¡Defendant contends that while an automobile is in its possession an artisan’s lien arises as a result of servic.es performed .on the-: ear. To determine-whether an artisan’s lien arose it mast be determined whether the nature of-.thb labor performed by defendant on plaintiff’s automobile-is'.of the nature to- support such a lien. The defendant admits- the services that an artisan performs to .create a lien must be to maintain or enhance the value of the personal property.
-v-Ther-e is no. dispute that services were..performed on the motor and that other parts were removed -and so remain removed. Defendant argues that by dismantling the automobile to some extent the value of it was increased. Defendant claims the fact of repair is not a.requisite to having > am artisan's lien, attach. Defendant • relies-upon the following authority:
• • ' “ ‘ * * * [I]f а party has bestowed labor] .and skill on a chattel' bailed to Mm for such purpose, and thereby improved it, he has by general law a lien on. it for the reasonable valúe of his labor or the right to retain it-.until paid for such skill and labor.-’ Bankers Commercial Security Company v. Coffman (1919), 22 N. P. (N. S.), 193, 195.
. .The foregoing is considered good law-and,:as applied to the facts of this case an artisan’s lien is created upon the-plaintiff’s automobile on the basis that the, automobile Was repaired and improved to some extent.
- Reasonable minds cannоt differ as to the following facts'in the record and inferences flowing: therefrom. The removal df the blown or Wrecked engine from-plaintiff’s automobile to examine it to see if - the manufacturer, under the manufacturer’s warranty given to plaintiff,-.would replace the1 engine free of charge, a Second time was, necessary and a benefit to the plaintiff. It was necessary to remove the engine1 to examine it,, and the automobile could, not be repaired unless.' the:-engine was removеd -for’-¡examination. Such'removal ahd examination, of the engine by .defendant was an'expenditure ¿of ¡labor and "skill" and: imparted .additional value and improvemеnt to the .automobile.’ If. ¡plain tiff-thereafter had installed a new engine, the . old, inoper *323 able engine baVing been removed,-tbe cost of installation!' thereafter theoretically would be less than the installation: of a new engine plus the prior removal of the old, inoperable engine; For these reasons and! to this extеnt, the re-;' moval of the old, useless engine constituted bestowing labor and skill on plaintiff’s automobile, improving it and thereby enhancing'its value. Ergo, defendant had an artisan’s liеn.
Webstei’s: Third New International Dictionary (1961)'' defines “improve'’ as follows': l.a: to make greater in' amount or: degree; Increase, augment, enlarge, intensify * * * 2.a: to' enhance in value or quality * *
The following appears to be the law in Ohio:
“It is undoubtedly true., that when a person from the nature of his occupation, receives, and is at trouble or ex-' pense about’ the personal property of another, he has a lien upon,, and may retain it, until his contract price, or Ms reasonable charges therefor are paid.” Wrightson v. Betinger (1887), 2 C. C. 38.1, 383.
“A commоn law lien is the right of a person to retaiii that which is in Ms possession, but belonging to another, until certain demands — usually payment for services and repairs — aré paid by the owner. * * * The right of the artisan who furnishes materials or performs labor on .chattel property to A lien on such property for the reasonable' or contraсtual yalue while he retains such chattel property continuously in his possession is of ancient origin. It has been consistently 'recognized in OMo even though the legis--latúrе hás never Created such a lien.” Justice v. Bussard (1953),114 N. E. 2d 305 , 308.
“And the privilege of a particular lien * * '* has been extended to other persons, in a variety of eases, where such persons by their labor and skill have imparted an additional value to the goods. This includes irtisahs',' 'tradesmen, mechanics, and laborers who receive property (although not’ obliged to receive it)-for thé -pnrpósé; hi mending, rеpairing,, ahd improving'its <$$tKfción/~fór'h^é,m and* they have, "by the common láw, a lién óii such" property' until the reasonable charges for their labor and expenses *324 thereon are paid.” George v. Walton (1942),43 N. E. 2d 515 , 517.
“A mechanic at common law had a lien on all personal property for repairs (persons having by common law the right, to retain goods .on which they have bestowed labor, until their reasonable charge's therefor are paid. * * *)” Bankers Commercial Security; Company, supra.. .
“* * # [B]y the well settled provisions of the common law, which will, be fully recognized by this.Court, an artisan who performs labor, lends skill, оr furnishes .material for the. building .or .repair of chattel property,has a .lien upon the chattel to which he has contributed his.- labor, skill, or material while he retains suсh chattel property in his possession.” Metropolitan Securities Co. v. Orlow (1923),107 Ohio St. 583 .
“At common law a mechanic or artisan who, with the consent...of •;the owner, does work upon or adds,.raaterials to a chattel has a lien.” North End Auto Park v. Petringa Trucking Co. (1958),337 Mass. 618 , 623,150 N. E. 2d 735 , 738, 587.
The defendant’s sole assignment of error is well taken. The judgment of the Common Pleas Court on the jury verdict for plaintiff is reversed at the costs of. plаintiff, the jury verdict for plaintiff is vacated and set aside, add pursuant to App. R. 12(B), coming now to enter the judgment which the trial court should have rendered, a final judgment is hereby rеndered in favor of the defendant and against the plaintiff and the plaintiff’s complaint is hereby dismissed. This cause is remanded to the Common Pleas Court for execution of this- judgment and for costs.
Judgment reversed.
M°orhe.ad, j., retired, of the Court pf Common Pleas of Hancock .County, was assigned to active duty ixndér authority of Section 6(C), Article TV, Constitution.