88 Ga. App. 876 | Ga. Ct. App. | 1953
In the first special ground of the amended motion for new trial, error is assigned on the charge of the court as follows: “In determining intent, differences in racial and social standings and customs may be considered.” This portion of the charge is taken in essence, if not verbatim, from a charge in Jackson v. State, 91 Ga. 322 (2) (18 S. E. 132, 44 A.L.R. 25), on a trial involving a like offense. The language used by the court in that case was approved in an opinion written by Chief Justice Bleckley, as follows: “The doctrine of the court’s charge to the jury that, upon the question of intention, social customs founded on race differences, and the fact that the man was a negro and the girl a white person, might be taken into consideration, is undoubtedly correct. There was nothing in the evidence to indicate that the girl was not virtuous, or that she had held out any encouragement to this negro, or to any other person, white or black, to enter her bedroom for illicit intercourse. . . Surely it was legitimate for the jury to note any departure from the customary modes of visiting which was involved in a nocturnal entrance by a negro man into the bedroom of a white woman during the hours usually devoted to sleep. The difference of sex, to say nothing of the difference of- race, would afford ample ground for directing attention to this element of the case.” In the Jackson case the negro entered the room of the girl, sat on her bed, called her name, and touched her foot. The question of identity was not involved, nor the question of intent to commit some crime other than rape, but only whether the intention might have been (a) to pay a visit for some lawful purpose, (b) to obtain the girl’s consent to intercourse, or (c) to rape her.
In Dorsey v. State, 108 Ga. 477, 480 (34 S. E. 135), a case of assault with intent to rape, which was reversed by the Supreme Court by a divided bench, the following was stated in regard to the Jackson case and the subject matter of this charge: “The fact that the alleged assailant is a negro may, in cases like the
That the case is a close one on its facts cannot be questioned, insofar at least, as the question of intent is concerned. See, in this connection, Jackson v. State, supra; Dorsey v. State, supra; Johnson v. State, 63 Ga. 355; Carter v. State, 35 Ga. 263; Parker v. State, 72 Ga. App. 302 (33 S. E. 2d 739); McCullough v. State, 11 Ga. App. 612 (76 S. E. 393); Pickett v. State, supra. In such a case, where under no phase of the evidence is the question of consent involved, such charge is error, and where the question as to intent is far from clear, it must be held to be harmful error, since the jury might have construed the charge, that “in determining intent, differences in racial and social standings and customs may be considered,” to mean that difference in racial or social standing would authorize them to conclude that the intent was an intent to rape rather than an intent to rob, injure, murder, or to commit some other felony upon the person of the victim. Accordingly, a reversal is demanded upon this ground.
Special ground 2 of the amended motion for new trial is abandoned. In special ground 3 error is assigned on the court’s remark as to certain evidence, “I don’t see that that’s got anything to do with the case”; and, as to other evidence, “That’s not material.” These statements during the progress of the trial do not appear to have been rulings on objections to evidence insofar as this record shows. If considered as expressions of opinion, they are not before this court since no objection or motion for a mistrial was made at the time. These exceptions are therefore without merit.
The general grounds are not passed upon, as this case is to be tried again.
The trial court erred in denying the motion for new trial.
Judgment reversed.