194 Iowa 1294 | Iowa | 1922
Broadway is one of the principal streets in the city of Council Bluffs, and runs east and west. Near Thirteenth Street in the western part of said city, Broadway crosses a stream known as Indian Creek. The street is approximately 46 feet ivide from curb to curb. The bridge is a trifle over 53 feet wide. It is what is known as a truss bridge, and is supported by three trusses, one on the outside at each side of the bridge, and a center truss in the middle of the bridge. This plan of construction leaves a space for travel on each side of the center truss of 26 feet 7 inches. The center truss is 14 to 16 inches in width, and slopes from the paving to a height of about 10 feet. The bridge is constructed on a level with the
I. The primary question in the case is whether or not the
Code Section 1572 provides that:
“Bridges erected or maintained by the public constitute parts of the road, and must not be less than 16 feet in width. ’ ’
T.he bridge as constructed was a double bridge. It was practically the same as if two bridges, each 26 feet 7 inches in width, had been placed side by side, using a truss in common at the line of juncture. Appellant contends that this plan of construction was a negligent one, because it left the center truss, 14 to 16 inches in width, in the center of the street. There was, however, a driveway 26 feet 7 inches in the clear on either side of this truss. As we understand the record, the construction of the bridge, with the center truss and driveway 26 feet 7 inches wide on either side, resulted in a diversion of the traffic, so that vehicles moving westward all passed on the north side of the bridge, while those moving eastward all passed on the south side of the bridge. This prevented the possibility of collision of vehicles passing in opposite directions upon the bridge. In this it had its advantages. Appellant lays great stress upon the case of Rusch v. City of Davenport, 6 Iowa 443, wherein we said:
“As commerce and safety are the essential conditions of a well maintained highway, both at common law and by statute, if a bridge is built 48 feet wide, where the exigencies of travel seem to require it, it must be kept in good condition for its whole width.”
This pronouncement was made in a case where the traveled portion of the bridge was 48 feet wide, and where there was a hole in the traveled portion which caused the injury complained of. No such situation is presented here. It was necessary that the appellee city construct a bridge across Indian Creek. A single structure 16 feet in width, while complying with the statute, would undoubtedly have been wholly inadequate to meet the requirements of travel at this point. There is no suggestion’ in the record, however, that the bridge as constructed was not ample and adequate to accommodate the travel upon the street. The record shows that the bridge had been maintained in this condition for many years. The question at this
It is not every so-called, “obstruction” in a public street that renders a city or other municipality liable for negligence because of its existence. Stepping stones, hydrants, shade trees, trolley poles, lamp posts, and the like are legitimate and necessary obstructions on public streets. Dubois v. City of Kingston, 102 N. Y. 219 (6 N. E. 273); Wolff v. District of Columbia, 196 U. S. 152; Ring v. City of Cohoes, 77 N. Y. 83 (33 Am. Rep. 574); Dougherty v. Trustees of Village of Horseheads, 159 N. Y. 154 (53 N. E. 799); City of Wellington v. Gregson, 31 Kan. 99 (1 Pac. 253).
Whether or not an obstruction is erected or maintained negligently depends upon the facts and circumstances of each particular case. A bridge across a stream on a public highway is a necessity. Those traveling the public highways are bound to know that they must cross streams by means of bridges, and it is a matter of common knowledge that nearly all such bridges are constructed with trusses, balustrades, or guard rails on each side. The ordinary country road is usually 66 feet in width. Where such roads are graded, the roadbed suitable for travel varies from 20 to 28 feet. The statute requires that bridges shall be 16 feet in width. A traveler on a road where the traveled portion is 20 or more feet in width is bound to know that he is liable to come to a bridge that is only 16 feet wide, with trusses on each side. It is his duty to so drive over this narrowed passageway as to avoid collision with the trusses or guard rails of the bridge.
In Kendall v. City of Des Moines, 183 Iowa 866, we said:
“The driver of an automobile has the right to assume that the street is in a safe condition for travel, and that the city has exercised a proper degree of diligence and caution to keep it so. Frazee v. City of Cedar Rapids, 151 Iowa 251; Frohs v. City of Dubuque, 169 Iowa 431. It is, however, the duty of the driver of an automobile to exercise ordinary and reasonable care for his own safety and that of the property intrusted to his care.”
At this point, we hold that, under the circumstances shown, the city was not guilty of negligence merely from the fact that it constructed the bridge as a double bridge, with a central truss in the middle of the street.
II. It is the claim of the appellant that, even if the city was not negligent in the manner of the construction of the bridge, it was guilty of negligence in the manner in which it was maintained.
It is often necessary to create obstructions in public streets, and a city is not necessarily negligent in so doing/ The construction and repair of paving and sidewalks, and many other things, constitute necessary “obstructions” to streets, and a city is not liable for negligence merely because of the existence of such obstructions. If there be negligence, it usually lies in a failure to properly guard or light such obstruction, so as to warn travelers of the existence of the same. Such is the rule recognized in Stern v. International R. Co., 220 N. Y. 284 (115 N. E. 759).
In the instant case, the appellant contends that appellee was negligent in not painting the center truss of the bridge white, and maintaining it in that color, so that the driver of the ear could have seen the same and averted the collision, and in failing to properly light the bridge.
It must be conceded that ordinarily the question as to whether or not a city has properly lighted or guarded an ob
The evidence shows that the center truss was of dark color at the time of the accident. The evidence also shows that there were arc lights burning both east and west of the bridge, one being about 40 feet from the bridge and the other about 300 feet. One witness testified that, within about two hours after the accident, he was at the place in question, and could see from the west end of the bridge to where the wrecked automobile was lying, on the west curb of Thirteenth Street, which, as we understand the record, was some 75 feet distant. The laws 'of this state do not require cities and towns to light the streets. It is not negligence to fail to do so, unless the condition of the street is such that reasonable care on the part of the city would require that it be lighted. The undisputed evidence shows that the bridge was sufficiently, lighted at the time to have readily disclosed the existence and location of the truss to one driving on the street in a lawful manner and at a lawful rate of speed. A contrary finding by a jury would have been without support in the evidence. The court, therefore, did not err in sustaining appellee’s motion for a directed verdict.
It is unnecessary for us to pass upon other questions argued by counsel, including contributory negligence and imputed negligence.
As we hold that the appellee was not guilty of negligence under the record, it follows that the judgment of the district court must be, and the same is, — Affirmed.