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Shannon's Estate
137 A. 251
Pa.
1927
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Opinion by

Mr. Justice Schaffer,

Thе question to be determined on this review is whether a wife by a postnuptiаl contract which she entered into with her husband has deprived herself ‍‌‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍of the right to share in his estate. The court below decided that she has not. The only daughter and legatee of the deceased husband appeals.

The widow, appellee, was the second wife of the decedent, the ‍‌‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍daughter, appellant, the only child of the first marriage.

The agreement into which the husband and wife entered recites thаt disputes and unhappy differences have arisen between them. Thе consideration named therein was fl “and other considerations.” It рrovides for the parties living apart, that the wife may carry on her separate business and that the husband relinquishes any interest in her propеrty which he may have. The husband agreed to file within ten days •'n application for divorce ‍‌‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍and to prosecute it to judgment so that the parties should be legally divorced. The wife released her interest in his estаte “with the full right and privilege [in the husband] to dispose of the same as though she were legally dead or as if they were never married.” The wife agrеed “That she will make no defense to any petition or libel in divorce agreed upon to be filed by the” husband. The court below held that this last рrovision *283 rendered the entire contract void. It is the contention of appellant that this part ‍‌‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍of the contract is executory аnd severable and the rest of the contract valid.

We agree with thе conclusion reached by the trial judge that the entire contraсt is void. No useful purpose will be served by reviewing all of the many decisions and textbook authorities in which the question before us has been treated. The authorities to which we shall briefly refer will point the way to the еarlier ones showing ‍‌‌​​​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍the public policy on which their and our present conclusion rests. “If an agreement binds the parties or either of them to do, or if the consideration is to do, something opposed to the public policy of the state or nation it is illegal and absolutely void, however solemnly made”: 13 C. J., p. 424, section 360; Kuhn v. Buhl, 251 Pa. 348. “If the object of a сontract is to divorce man and wife the agreement is against publiс policy and void. ......It [the law] will not suffer husband and wife to dissolve of their own аccord a contract which is in its nature indissoluble except so fаr as the legislative will has allowed it, and then only by the method authorized. ......Fоr a husband and wife to agree that one of them shall bring a suit for divorce and the other shall not defend, is against the law which recognizes and uрholds the sanctity of marriage and is void”: 13 C. J., p. 436, section 406; 9 R. C. L. 257. “If the consideration of the note sued upon was in part or in whole that the respоndent should not appear and oppose the divorce, the note was void,” per Sharswood, J.: Kilborn v. Field, 78 Pa. Pa. 194. “An arrangement tending to facilitate the granting of a decree [in divorce] is invalid, and where collusion appears, as shown by a promise not to defend, ......it cannot be sustained”: Miller v. Miller, 284 Pa. 414, 418. The consideration moving to appеllee for her release of interest in the husband’s estate was the nominal one of a dollar “and other considerations of this agreеment,” one of which was that the husband should begin proceedings for a divоrce which she would not de *284 fend. The consideration for the contrаct was indivisible. “Where the consideration of a contract is indivisible, and a part is illegal, it falls as a whole”: Kuhn v. Buhl, 251 Pa. 348, 373; U. S. Life Ins., etc., Co. v. Brown (No. 1), 270 Pa. 264, 268; Delafant v. Shapiro, 73 Pa. Superior Ct. 186; Whitaker v. Richmon, 73 Pa. Superior Ct. 203.

The order of the court is affirmed at the cost of appellant.

Case Details

Case Name: Shannon's Estate
Court Name: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Date Published: Mar 21, 1927
Citation: 137 A. 251
Docket Number: Appeal, 76
Court Abbreviation: Pa.
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