244 S.E.2d 444 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1978
Donald Frank SHAFFNER, Jr.
v.
Donald Frank SHAFFNER, Sr.
Court of Appeals of North Carolina.
*445 Randolph & Randolph by Clyde C. Randolph, Jr., Winston-Salem, for plaintiff.
William G. Pfefferkorn and David A. Wallace, Winston-Salem, for defendant.
MARTIN, Judge.
The sole question presented by this appeal is whether the contractual obligation undertaken by defendant in the separation agreement to make support payments for plaintiff's benefit until he reached the age of twenty-one (21) years was modified by the 18 July 1975 court order obligating defendant to make such payments until plaintiff "reaches the age of eighteen years or is otherwise emancipated." (Emphasis added.)
Plaintiff contends that the trial court in the case at bar erred in concluding that, by reason of Judge Leonard's order of 18 July 1975, "defendant is under no obligation, *446 contractual or otherwise, to provide support to the plaintiff beyond the latter's eighteenth birthday." He argues that, in the absence of the consent of the parties, Judge Leonard was without authority to modify defendant's contractual obligation to provide support for plaintiff until he (plaintiff) reached age twenty-one (21).
Defendant contends that plaintiff's mother sought and obtained, for plaintiff's benefit, the 18 July 1975 order for the specific purpose of having the payments for plaintiff's support increased over the amounts provided in the separation agreement; and that, having accepted the benefits of this order, plaintiff is estopped to deny the modification of defendant's contractual obligation effectuated by the 18 July order.
It is well settled law that while the provisions of a valid separation agreement cannot be set aside or modified by a court without the consent of the parties, no such agreement between husband and wife can deprive a court of its inherent authority to protect the interests and provide for the welfare of minor children. Church v. Hancock, 261 N.C. 764, 136 S.E.2d 81 (1964); Fuchs v. Fuchs, 260 N.C. 635, 133 S.E.2d 487 (1963); 2 Lee, N.C.Family Law, §§ 189, 199 (1963). However, the authority of the court to affect the custody of and to require reasonable support for minor children continues only as long as the parents' legal obligation to support exists, Shoaf v. Shoaf, 282 N.C. 287, 192 S.E.2d 299 (1973), and thus, is limited in scope to agreements whose terms provide for the maintenance and support of a child during his minority. To the extent an agreement makes provision for the maintenance and support of a child past his majority, it is beyond the inherent power of the court to modify absent the consent of the parties and is enforceable at law as any other contract. Church v. Hancock, supra. Indeed, a parent can by contract assume an obligation to his child greater than the law otherwise imposes, and by contract bind himself to support his child after emancipation and past majority. Carpenter v. Carpenter, 25 N.C.App. 235, 212 S.E.2d 911 (1975). We believe such was the case here.
In the instant case, the separation agreement clearly provided for plaintiff's support until he reached age twenty-one (21). Nowhere did the agreement limit such support to plaintiff's reaching his majority or being emancipated. We are not unmindful of the fact that at the time the separation agreement became effective, 20 April 1965, twenty-one (21) was the age of majority, and that the subsequent enactment of G.S. 48A-2 lowered the age of majority from twenty-one (21) to eighteen (18) years of age. However, we cannot, by process of interpretation, rewrite the subject agreement where its terms are plain and explicit. See Goodyear v. Goodyear, 257 N.C. 374, 126 S.E.2d 113 (1962). Moreover, we note that more than four years transpired between the effective date of G.S. 48A-2 (5 July 1971) and the 18 July 1975 order purporting to modify defendant's support obligation during which time defendant made no effort, through negotiation with plaintiff's mother or plaintiff, to limit his liability to his legal obligation. Accordingly, we find that the defendant's contractual obligation to support plaintiff until age twenty-one (21), or beyond his majority, was a provision of the separation agreement over which the court could exercise no control absent consent of the parties. See Owens v. Little, 13 N.C.App. 484, 186 S.E.2d 182 (1972). Hence, the 18 July 1975 order, inasmuch as it purported to modify the duration of defendant's support obligation, was without force and effect.
In so finding, we do not nullify the portion of the 18 July 1975 order which increased the amount of the support payments for plaintiff's benefit. The separation agreement expressly provided for the modification of the amounts set out therein by a court of competent jurisdiction. Thus, the court was acting within its authority, in both the 18 July 1975 and 28 July 1975 orders, in increasing the amount of defendant's monthly support payments upon the showing of changed conditions.
Finally, we note that the failure of plaintiff's mother to appeal from the 18 *447 July order has no effect on the present right of plaintiff to enforce defendant's contractual obligation to him under the deed of separation. Plaintiff was not a party to the earlier proceeding and cannot be bound by an order, purporting to modify this contractual obligation, which the court had no power to effectuate.
The trial court's entry of summary judgment for defendant was error. Accordingly, we reverse and remand the cause for entry of summary judgment in plaintiff's favor for the reasons indicated in this opinion.
Reversed and remanded.
MORRIS and ARNOLD, JJ., concur.