274 Conn. 92 | Conn. | 2005
Opinion
This case returns to us for a second time. The named plaintiff, Gabriel Seymour, among others,
The following relevant facts and procedural history are set forth in our opinion in Seymour v. Region One Board of Education, supra, 261 Conn. 475. “The [plaintiff], who [is a taxpayer] in the town of Canaan, brought this declaratory judgment action against the defendants, Region One board of education
“In [her] complaint, the [plaintiff] made the following allegations. [She is a taxpayer] in Canaan, which is one of the six member towns of [the Region One school district] .... [See footnote 5 of this opinion.] The costs of education for high school students and for certain [students attending] kindergarten through eighth grade . . . are assessed on the towns by the board according to the formula set forth [in] § 10-51 (b). That formula assesses each member town an amount that ‘bearfs] the same ratio to the net expenses of the district as the number of pupils resident in such town in average daily membership in the . . . district during the preceding school year bears to the total number of pupils in all the member towns . . . .’ General Statutes § 10-51 (b). Because ‘[l]ocai property taxes are the principal source of revenue for public schools,’ because the statutory formula ‘disregards variations in the total taxable property in each town,’ and because Canaan has substantially less valuable taxable property than every other town in the district, except for North Canaan, ‘the tax burden on [the plaintiff] and other taxpayers’ in Canaan for educating their students ‘is substantially greater than the equivalent cost to taxpayers in every other member town . . . except for North Canaan.’
“The [plaintiff] further alleged that ‘education costs constitute the single largest expense in most town budgets,’ and that ‘the unequal burdens of the present regional cost allocation formula sharply impact the total tax burden on small town taxpayers,’ such as the [plaintiff]. ‘As a result, § 10-51 (b) unfairly discriminates against small Connecticut towns by forcing them to pay an unequal share of the expenses of educating students [as compared to] their bigger and wealthier neighbors.’
The trial court, Black, J.,
Brewer testified that he heads the division within the state department of education that oversees the management and distribution of approximately $2.5 billion annually in state and federal education grants. Primary among them is the education cost sharing grant (ECS), which amounts to approximately $1.5 billion annually in education cost assistance that is distributed to the state’s cities and towns. Brewer explained that ECS is an equalization grant designed to level the playing field between the state’s wealthier and needier municipalities in terms of their ability to fund education. The amount of ECS money that a particular municipality
The plaintiff testified on her own behalf. After placing copies of her tax records into evidence, the plaintiff also sought to introduce into evidence several exhibits, which she had prepared herself, purporting to demonstrate, by way of various charts and graphs, the inequities of § 10-51 (b) as alleged in her complaint. The trial court, however, sustained the defendants’ objection to those exhibits.
The trial court thereafter dismissed the plaintiffs action on the ground that she lacked standing to bring the action. In its memorandum of decision, the trial court observed that the plaintiff had introduced no evidence to substantiate her testimony that Canaan taxpayers can pay significantly more than similarly situated taxpayers in other regional member towns or that her taxes otherwise have increased by virtue of the cost allocation formula of § 10-51 (b). The trial court further noted that the plaintiffs unsupported contention was “clearly refute [d]” by Elliott’s testimony. The trial court also concluded that the defendants “clearly [had] established [that] the benefit of the ECS . . . offset[s] any claimed taxpayer harm.”
On appeal,
The defendants first maintain that the trial court’s conclusion that the plaintiff lacks standing is fully supported by the record. The defendants next contend that the plaintiffs claims violate basic precepts of appellate advocacy because they are predicated on a fact-based theory of pecuniary harm that was not raised in the trial court. Specifically, the defendants assert that, on appeal, the plaintiff “engage [s] in multiple calculations of numerical figures extracted from certain selected exhibits, and offer[s] as evidence the resulting figures.” The defendants further assert that, “[n]ot only were
“In Sadloski v. Manchester, 235 Conn. 637, 668 A.2d 1314 (1995)], we reaffirmed the basic tenets of taxpayer standing. The plaintiffs status as a taxpayer does not automatically give her standing to challenge alleged improprieties in the conduct of the defendant town. . . . The plaintiff must also allege and demonstrate that the allegedly improper municipal conduct cause [d her] to suffer some pecuniary or other great injury. ... It is not enough for the plaintiff to show that her tax dollars have contributed to the challenged project .... [T]he plaintiff must prove that the project has directly or indirectly increased her taxes ... or, in some other fashion, caused her irreparable injuiy in her capacity as a taxpayer. . . . [B]ecause standing is a practical concept, common sense suggests that a taxpayer who challenges a part of a particular governmental program must demonstrate his or her injury in the entire fiscal context of that program, taking into account both the burdens and benefits of the program, and not just by demonstrating that the presumably burdensome part of the program itself, divorced from the larger program of which it is a part, causes injury.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.)
On the basis of the record before us, we cannot conclude that the trial court’s essential factual findings— that the plaintiff paid approximately the same or less in property taxes as similarly situated taxpayers in other Region One school district towns, and that the benefits of the ECS money offset whatever difference there possibly might be in those property taxes—were clearly erroneous. On the contrary, the trial court’s findings were amply supported by the testimony of Elliott and Brewer. Furthermore, the plaintiff failed to adduce any evidence demonstrating that she had suffered the kind of injury that is a precondition to maintaining her tax
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other justices concurred.
In addition to Seymour, Thomas R. Coolidge, Susan Dempsey, Stephen W. Jenks and Joyce Schurk, also were plaintiffs. Coolidge, Dempsey and Jenks have since withdrawn from the action. For reasons set forth in footnote 12 of this opinion, Schurk lacks standing to pursue this appeal. Therefore, the only remaining plaintiff is Seymour, whom we refer to throughout this opinion as the plaintiff.
General Statutes § 10-51 (b) provides: “For the purposes of this section, ‘net expenses’ means estimated expenditures, including estimated capital expenditures, less estimated receipts as presented in a regional school district budget. On the date or dates fixed by the board, each town in the district shall pay a share of the cost of capital outlay, including costs for school building projects under chapter 173, and current expenditures necessary for the operation of the district. The board shall determine the amount to be paid by each member town. Such amount shall bear the same ratio to the net expenses of the district as the number of pupils resident in such town in average daily membership in the regional school district during the preceding school year bears to the total number of such pupils in all the member towns, provided that the board may recalculate such amount based on the number of pupils in average daily membership in the regional school district for the current school year and may adjust each member town’s payment to the regional school district for the following fiscal year by the difference between the last such payment and the recalculated amount. Until the regional school district has been in operation for one year, such amounts shall be based on the average daily membership of pupils in like grades from each of such towns at any school at which children were in attendance at the expense of such towns during the preceding school year.”
The plaintiff appealed from the judgment of the trial court to the Appellate Court, and we transferred the appeal to this court, pursuant to Practice Book § 65-1 and General Statutes § 51-199 (c).
The plaintiff also claims that the trial court improperly denied her motion for a protective order in relation to several discovery requests. We do not reach this claim in light of our conclusion that the trial court, properly dismissed the plaintiffs action for lack of standing.
The Region One board of education is an elected body established pursuant to General Statutes § 10-46 for the purpose of administering the affairs and educational programs of the Region One school district. The Region One school district is comprised of the towns of Canaan, Cornwall, Kent, North Canaan, Salisbury and Sharon.
The towns of Canaan and Salisbury also intervened as defendants, and they, along with the board, adopt the brief filed by the attorney general in this court.
We thereafter summarized “[t]he core of the [plaintiffs] complaint . . . as follows. First, the statutory formula set by § 10-51 (b), which requires each town to contribute to the district’s educational expenses based on the per pupil cost of education—i.e., the total educational expenses of the district divided by the number of the town’s resident students served thereby—deprives the [plaintiff], who [is a taxpayer] of a relatively property tax poor town, of [her] state and federal constitutional rights to due process of law and equal protection of the laws. Second, the only way in which this unconstitutionality may be remedied is by making the district into a single taxing district for the purposes of education, with a uniform mill rate. The district would then assess each town an amount based, not on the per pupil cost of education, but on the value of the real property in that town—i.e., by multiplying the uniform mill rate by the total assessed value of the town’s real property.” Seymour v. Region One Board of Education, supra, 261 Conn. 480.
Hereinafter, all references to the trial court are to the court, Black, J.
Specifically, Elliott testified that the taxes on properties identical to that of the plaintiff would be $3643.25 in Cornwall, $4552.18 in Kent, $3804.19 in Sharon, and $5265.72 in Salisbury. Elliott arrived at these amounts by multiplying the computer generated assessment figures by each town’s mill rate. Elliott did not calculate what the plaintiffs taxes would have been if her property were located in North Canaan, the smallest and poorest of the Region One school district towns.
For the 2002-2003 fiscal year, Cornwall received ECS money totaling $200 per student, Kent received $269 per student, Salisbury received $217 per student and Sharon received $238 per student
The defendants objected to the exhibits on hearsay grounds and because the plaintiff had not been qualified as an expert. The plaintiff has not appealed from the trial court’s ruling excluding her proffered exhibits.
At oral argument, we were informed that Joyce Schurk no longer is a taxpayer in the town of Canaan, one of six towns comprising the Region One school district. See footnote 5 of this opinion. Because prospective relief was the only relief sought and because Schurk no longer pays taxes in the Region One school district, she lacks standing to pursue this appeal.
Specifically, the plaintiff claims that the trial court should have deducted the ECS money received by each member town from the “per-student high school cost allocations charged by Region One to each member town,” thereby yielding the “net cost per high school student According to the plaintiff, the trial court then should have divided “the equalized net
Additionally, the plaintiff claims that the trial court “failed to recognize that [Elliott’s] analysis of total real property taxes never broke out the portion of those taxes [that goes to pay] Region One high school costs.” The plaintiff contends that, “had [Elliott] made such calculations, she would necessarily have concluded that the tax rates for Region One high school costs—even using the theoretical increased property values projected in her calculations—would still produce an unequal and unfair tax burden on [the plaintiff], resulting in substantial pecuniary injury . . . .”
For example, the defendants claim that, even pursuant to the plaintiffs calculations, the actual difference between what taxpayers in Canaan pay and what taxpayers in Salisbury pay is negligible, amounting to just $13.46 per year on properties assessed at $200,000.