77 Conn. App. 267 | Conn. App. Ct. | 2003
Opinion
The plaintiff, John Serra, appeals from the summary judgment rendered by the trial court in favor of the defendant city of West Haven.
The following facts are not in dispute. On April 2, 1999, the plaintiff, a West Haven police officer, was injured in an automobile accident when his police vehicle was struck by another automobile. The plaintiffs police vehicle was owned by West Haven and used as a police emergency vehicle. The accident was due to
The plaintiff then filed a claim with West Haven, claiming that his damages were in excess of the $20,000 policy limit of the tortfeasor. He sought coverage from West Haven claiming that by virtue of its purchase of an excess liability policy with a self-insured retention of $50,000, West Haven, by opting for that self-insured retention, had an obligation to provide the plaintiff with $50,000 of underinsured motorists coverage. Additionally, the plaintiff sought excess coverage from West Haven’s insurer, Coregis Insurance Company (Coregis), which provided the defendant an additional $950,000 in insurance coverage. After West Haven refused to settle the plaintiffs claim, the plaintiff commenced an action in the Superior Court.
West Haven moved for summary judgment on the basis of two alternate arguments. First, West Haven argued that summary judgment should be granted on the ground that it does not have an obligation to provide underinsured motorists benefits for an “authorized emergency vehicle.”
The court held in relevant part, relying on Boynton v. New Haven, supra, 63 Conn. App. 815, that although West Haven was required to provide at least the minimum underinsured motorists benefits, the plaintiff, already having recovered that amount from the tortfeasor, was foreclosed from further recovery from West Haven. This appeal followed.
The standard employed in reviewing a trial court’s decision to render summary judgment is well established. When material facts are not in dispute, we must determine whether the moving party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id., 819. “In deciding a motion for summary judgment, the trial court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. . . . The test is whether a party would be entitled to a directed verdict on the same facts.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Preston v. O’Rourke, 74 Conn. App. 301, 306, 811 A.2d 753 (2002). Where, as here, neither party has claimed that this case concerns disputed material facts, we are concerned only with West Haven’s right to judgment as a matter of law. The only questions of law in this case concern statutory construction. Accordingly our review is plenary. See Boynton v. New Haven, supra, 63 Conn. App. 819.
We first address the plaintiffs claim that the court improperly concluded, as a matter of law, that West Haven was obligated to provide no more than the statutory minimum benefits for underinsured motorist coverage. The plaintiff argues that, although West Haven may not have been obligated to provide more than the statutory minimum benefits, the “overwhelming evidence [demonstrated] that . . . [West Haven] provided [underinsured motorist] coverage in the amount of $50,000 on the date the [p]laintiff sustained his injuries”
West Haven counters that because it is a self-insured entity, it does not have to provide more than the statutory $20,000 minimum underinsured motorists coverage, and, accordingly, it was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. We agree that the policy references to the $50,000 self-insured retention did not create a legal liability in excess of the statutory minimum of $20,000 for underinsured motorists coverage.
As we held in Boynton v. New Haven, supra, 63 Conn. App. 829, where a municipality simultaneously plays the role of self-insurer and self-insured, a plaintiff can recover only “the statutory minimum amount of under-insured motorist coverage because the applicable statutes impose no greater obligation on the city.” In Boynton, the city of New Haven was a fully self-insured municipality that had not filed with the insurance commissioner’s office any notice of its limitations of under-insured motorists coverage, as is also true in the present case. We explained that self-insurers are treated no
Although the present case is distinguishable because West Haven is not a fully self-insured municipality and, therefore, its liability would not be unlimited, we conclude that this difference is not controlling and the reasoning of Boynton applies. The fact that West Haven has a $50,000 self-insured retention policy does not remove the presumption that a self-insured municipality elects the statutory minimum amount of coverage in the absence of a writing to the commissioner stating otherwise. See generally id., 827. A self-insured retention does not create a legal obligation to third parties. It means only that if a legal obligation otherwise exists arising out of a statute or contract, for example, the party retaining that risk must bear the loss without indemnity.
The plaintiff also argues that because West Haven never filed a notice with the commissioner that it was self-insured and never received a certificate of self-insurance, in accordance with §§ 14-129 and 38a-371, it was not legally self-insured. The plaintiff, although mentioning this in his appellate brief and at oral argument, provides no legal analysis as to what effect, if
In this case, the plaintiff has cited nothing in the documentation before the trial court or in the record provided on appeal that created any legal obligation on the part of West Haven to pay more than the $20,000 minimum coverage required by § 14-112. He cites no collective labor contract that would require such a payment, nor does he cite any individual contract of employment that would do likewise. He cites no statutes that would create such an obligation. Although he recites an “expectancy” that he had by virtue of the fact that West Haven had paid claims in the past, and although West Haven admits that it did provide such payments prior to our holding in Boynton v. New Haven, supra, 63 Conn. App. 815, the plaintiff provides no legal authority or analysis on a claim relating to expectancy or estoppel, nor do we construe his complaint to make such a claim.
The plaintiff also argues that the fact that the Coregis insurance policy would provide coverage for underinsured motorist claims in excess of $50,000 would create “an absurd result” and would result in a “reductio ad absurdum” were we to affirm the trial court’s judgment that the $50,000 self-insured retention provision did not provide a legal obligation for West Haven to provide that amount in underinsured motorists coverage. Underlying that argument is a contention that if the court’s decision were to be affirmed, an insured, like the plaintiff, could never access the underinsured motorists coverage provided where the tortfeasor maintained only the statutory minimum liability insurance of $20,000. Such a result is not mandated, however.
We illustrate two scenarios in which an insured, like the plaintiff, might reach the excess coverage for under-insured motorists claims after looking to the policy
The second way to reach the excess policy, as was conceded by the plaintiff at oral argument, may be where the tortfeasor’s liability policy meets or exceeds the $50,000 threshold, and the claimant exhausts that policy and then seeks the excess insurance coverage.
Nevertheless, despite these apparent methods of reaching the excess policy, a claimant also has a right to settle the legal liability of the tortfeasor for a sum less than his sustained damages, which might be in excess of $50,000, thereby limiting the liability of the tortfeasor to the claimant to less than the threshold that triggers the coverage under the excess policy. It
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
The defendant West Haven’s insurance carrier, Coregis Insurance Company, also was named as a defendant in this action. This appeal, however, concerns only the summary judgment rendered in favor of West Haven.
For convenience we will refer to underinsured motorist coverage as encompassing both uninsured and underinsured motorists See Haynes v. Yale-New Haven Hospital, 243 Conn. 17, 21 n.4, 699 A.2d 964 (1997).
The public entity excess automobile liability declaration page of West Haven’s policy with its insurance earlier, Coregis Insurance Company, indicates that West Haven has a self-insured retention of $50,000 per occurrence. The “Schedule of Coverages” section on this form indicates that. West, Haven is covered in the amount of $950,000 each for automobile liability and uninsured motorists and underinsured motorists protection.
The commercial automobile “Connecticut Uninsured and Underinsured Motorists Coverage” endorsement indicates that the endorsement is effective July 1, 1997, and sets forth a $950,000 limit of insurance for each accident. The policy indicates, below the statement, “If indicated by an ‘X’ in the box to the left or in the Declarations, Underinsured Motorists Conversion Coverage applies.” However, no “X” has been placed in this box to indicate that this conversion coverage applies. Underinsured motorists conversion coverage is authorized under General Statutes § 38a-336a. “This option, which is available for an additional premium to consumers who wish to purchase it in lieu of standard, underinsured motorist coverage under § 38a-336, provides enhanced protection to victims of underinsured motorists because, in contrast to coverage under § 38a-336, it is activated when the sum of all payments received by or on behalf of the covered person from or on behalf of the tortfeasor are less than the fair, just and reasonable damages of the covered person." (Emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) Florestal v. Government Employees Ins. Co., 236 Conn. 299, 307, 673 A.2d 474 (1996).
We conclude that the court properly determined that West Haven is a self-insured entity required to provide only $20,000 minimum coverage, and because the plaintiff already has recovered that amount, this recovery forecloses further recovery from West Haven.
In its memorandum of decision, the court concluded that although the Ford Crown Victoria police vehicle, which the plaintiff was driving at the time of the accident, was an “authorized emergency vehicle” pursuant to General Statutes § 14-1 (a) (4), it was also a private passenger motor vehicle as provided in General Statutes § 38a-363 (e), and West Haven, therefore, was obligated to provide at least the minimum underinsured motorists benefits on that vehicle. Whether underinsured motorists coverage must be provided for an “authorized emergency vehicle” is not at issue here because the court found against West Haven on that issue and West Haven did not file a cross appeal.