202 Conn. 178 | Conn. | 1987
The principal question on this appeal is whether an insurer must arbitrate an under-insured motorist claim pursuant to an arbitration provision of an uninsured motorist clause included in an insurance policy issued by the insurer.
The underlying facts are undisputed. The plaintiff, Security Insurance Company of Hartford, issued an automobile insurance policy to the defendant, John DeLaurentis. The effective dates of the policy were from March 1,1978, to March 1,1979. The policy contained uninsured motorist coverage which provided, inter alia, for the arbitration of all coverage issues arising thereunder.
Upon settlement, the defendant filed for arbitration of his claim under his own policy, seeking to stack his uninsured motorist coverage, $20,000 on each of his four vehicles, to increase the coverage limit to $80,000. Because the amount payable under the policy would be reduced by “all sums paid on account of the insured’s bodily injury by or on behalf of the owner or operator of the uninsured automobile,” the potential recovery in the arbitration proceeding would be $30,000, the $80,000 policy limit reduced by the $50,000 paid on behalf of Pikoulidis.
In its memorandum of decision dated April 18,1985, the trial court, Spada, J., granted the plaintiffs request for summary judgment, and permanently enjoined the defendant from proceeding to arbitration. The court also answered “no” to each question presented for determination by declaratory judgment. On May 20, 1985, the defendant filed a request for further articulation. On July 28,1985, the court filed a memorandum of decision in response to the defendant’s request.
The defendant has appealed from the trial court rulings. The defendant claims that the court erred in ruling: (1) that the plaintiff has no obligation to proceed to arbitration; (2) that the insurance policy should not be construed to include underinsured motorists within its uninsured motorist protection; (3) that the defendant is permanently restrained from proceeding to arbitration without a finding of irreparable harm or lack of an adequate remedy at law; and (4) that the jurisdictional requirements for a declaratory judgment action were met in this case.
The defendant’s first claim of error is that the trial court erred in ruling that the plaintiff has no obligation to proceed to arbitration. The defendant argues that the issue of whether the plaintiff must arbitrate the defendant’s underinsurance claim is a question of coverage which must be determined by arbitration. In
The duty to arbitrate may be created by contract or by statute. Wilson v. Security Ins. Group, 199 Conn. 618, 622, 509 A.2d 467 (1986); Frager v. Pennsylvania General Ins. Co., supra; Ginsberg v. Coating Products, Inc., 152 Conn. 592, 596, 210 A.2d 667 (1965), and cases cited therein. In the absence of a contrary statute, “[t]he obligations and rights of the parties are described and limited by their written agreement. The answer to the question whether or not the court shall direct a party to proceed with arbitration is embodied in the insurance contract.” Visselli v. American Fidelity Co., 155 Conn. 622, 624, 237 A.2d 561 (1967); John A. Errichetti Associates v. Boutin, 183 Conn. 481, 488, 439 A.2d 416 (1981); W. J. Megin, Inc. v. State, 181 Conn. 47, 51, 434 A.2d 306 (1980). Parties who have contracted to arbitrate certain matters have no obligation to arbitrate any matters other than those which they have agreed to arbitrate. Wilson v. Security Ins.
The arbitration clause contained in the policy issued by the plaintiff, which constitutes the agreement to arbitrate and which, necessarily, determines the issues to be arbitrated, provides the following: “Arbitration: If any person making claim [under Part IV, Protection Against Uninsured Motorists,] and the company do not agree that such person is legally entitled to recover damages from the owner or operator of an uninsured highway vehicle or an uninsured motor vehicle because of bodily injury to the insured, or do not agree as to the amount of payment which may be owing hereunder, or do not agree as to the coverage of insurance hereunder, then, upon written demand of either, the matter or matters upon which such person and the company do not agree shall be settled by arbitration .... Such person and the company each agree to consider itself bound by any award made by the arbitrators pursuant to this provision.” (Emphasis added.)
This agreement to arbitrate is not a broad, all encompassing provision for arbitration. Cf. John A. Errichetti Associates v. Boutin, supra, 489. The provision applies
While the defendant and the plaintiff, for the purpose of this appeal, do not disagree that the defendant is “legally entitled to recover damages” from Pikoulidis, or as to “the amount of payment which may be owing,” there is disagreement as to whether the policy extends insurance benefits to this underinsurance claim. Whether an underinsured motor vehicle is an “uninsured automobile” within the terms of the policy is a question of the coverage under part IV of the policy. See Frager v. Pennsylvania General Ins. Co., supra, 276 (whether a “hit-and-run” automobile is an “uninsured automobile” under the terms of the policy is a question of coverage).
Further support for our conclusion that the defendant’s claim is one of coverage which must be decided by arbitration can be found in the language of General Statutes § 38-175c.
In this case, the trial court, instead of deciding the threshold question of whether the issue was arbitrable, decided the merits of the defendant’s claim. The court examined the language of the policy to determine whether the policy extends insurance benefits to accidents with underinsured motorists. The court stated that because “the policy does not extend coverage to underinsurance accidents,” the plaintiff has no obligation to proceed to arbitration. This analysis is erroneous because it was the trial court’s obligation to decide first whether the issue was arbitrable, that is, whether the
The subject policy provides for arbitration if a claimant and the company do not agree as to coverage of insurance under part IV of the policy. The defendant filed a claim pursuant to part IV and the plaintiff disputes whether part IV of the policy extends insurance benefits to the defendant’s underinsurance claim. Whether underinsurance protection is included within uninsured protection under part IV, when read as a whole, is a coverage question which must be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the written agreement of the parties. The trial court erred in granting the plaintiff’s request for an injunction, permanently restraining the defendant from proceeding to arbitration.
Because of our disposition of the defendant’s first claim of error, we need not reach the merits of the defendant’s three remaining claims of error.
There is error, the judgment is set aside and the case is remanded with direction to dismiss the complaint for lack of jurisdiction.
In this opinion the other justices concurred.
The policy contains the following language:
“PART IV—PROTECTION AGAINST UNINSURED MOTORISTS . . . “Arbitration: If any person making claim hereunder and the company do not agree that such person is legally entitled to recover damages from the owner or operator of an uninsured automobile because of bodily injury to the insured, or do not agree as to the amount of payment which may be owing under this Part, then, upon written demand of either, the matter or matters upon which such person and the company do not agree shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association, and judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Such person and the company each agree to consider itself bound and to be bound by any award made by the arbitrators pursuant to this Part.”
This language was subsequently amended as follows:
“CONNECTICUT AMENDMENT
“It is agreed that ... II. With respect to the insurance afforded by the policy for damages because of bodily injury caused by accident and ari sing out of ownership, maintenance or use of an uninsured highway vehicle or uninsured motor vehicle:
* * *
“4. The insured shall not be required to arbitrate disputed claims. If the*180 insured elects to arbitrate disputed claims, the Condition or other provision entitled ‘Arbitration’ is replaced by the following:
“Arbitration
“If any person making claim hereunder and the company do not agree that such person is legally entitled to recover damages from the owner or operator of an uninsured highway vehicle or an uninsured motor vehicle because of bodily injury to the insured, or do not agree as to the amount of payment which may be owing hereunder, or do not agree as to the coverage of insurance hereunder, then, upon written demand of either, the matter or matters upon which such person and the company do not agree shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association, and the judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Such person and the company each agree to consider itself bound by any award made by the arbitrators pursuant to this provision.” (Emphasis added.)
The plaintiff does not dispute that the policy as amended was the policy in effect at the time of the accident.
In Frager v. Pennsylvania General Ins. Co., 155 Conn. 270, 231 A.2d 531 (1967), which was decided before the enactment of General Statutes § 38-175c, the policy provided for arbitration of two issues: (1) the insured’s right to recover damages from the owner or operator of an uninsured automobile; and (2) the amount of such damages. The court held that the issue of “[wjhether an unidentified automobile is an ‘uninsured automobile’ within the terms of the policy . . . pertains to coverage under Part IV of the policy.” Id., 276. Because “coverage disputes” were not arbitrable issues under the contract entered into between the insured and the insurer, the insurer had no obligation to proceed with arbitration. Id., 276-77. “We note, however, that Frager v. Pennslvania General Ins. Co., [supra], and its progeny, including Visselli v. American Fidelity Co., 155 Conn. 622, 237 A.2d 561 (1967), have been legislatively overruled by General Statutes § 38-175c to the extent that they held that an insurer could limit the issues relating to uninsured motorist coverage which the arbitrator could decide. Oliva v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 181 Conn. 37, 41, 434 A.2d 304 (1980).” Fishman v. Middlesex Mutual Assurance Co., 4 Conn. App. 339, 350 n.6, 494 A.2d 606, cert. denied, 197 Conn. 806, 807, 499 A.2d 57 (1985).
General Statutes (Rev. to 1979) § 38-175c provides: “uninsured motorist coverage. Every such policy shall provide insurance in accordance with such regulations, with limits for bodily injury or death not less than those specified in subsection (a) of section 14-112, for the protection of persons insured thereunder who are legally entitled to recover damages from owners or operators of uninsured motor vehicles or of insured motor vehicles, the insurer of which becomes insolvent prior to payment of such damages, because of bodily injury, including death resulting therefrom, provided each insurer licensed to write automobile liability insurance in this state shall provide such uninsured motorists coverage with limits requested by the named insured upon payment of the appropriate premium, but such insurer shall not be required to provide such coverage with limits in excess of the limits of the bodily injury coverage of such policy issued to such named insured. Every such policy issued on or after October 1, 1971, which contains a provision for binding arbitration shall include a provision for final determination of insurance coverage in such arbitration proceeding.” General Statutes § 38-175c has been amended to provide: “uninsured motorist COVERAGE, (a) (1) Every such policy shall provide insurance, herein called uninsured motorist coverage, in accordance with such regulations, with limits for bodily injury or death not less than those specified in subsection (a) of section 14-112, for the protection of persons insured thereunder who are legally entitled to recover damages from owners or operators of uninsured motor vehicles and underinsured motor vehicles and insured motor vehicles, the insurer of which becomes insolvent prior to payment of such damages, because of bodily injury, including death resulting therefrom, provided each insurer licensed to write automobile liability insurance in this state shall provide such uninsured motorists coverage with limits requested by the named insured upon payment of the appropriate premium, but such insurer shall not be required to provide such coverage with limits in excess of the limits of the bodily injury coverage of such policy issued to such named insured. No insurer shall be required to provide uninsured motorist coverage to (A) a named insured or relatives residing in his household when occupying, or struck as a pedestrian by, an uninsured or underin
In 1979, this statute was amended to include, inter alia, underinsured motor vehicles. Public Acts 1979, No. 79-235. The implications of this amendment as it pertains to the issue of whether the policy extends insurance benefits to the underinsurance claim filed by the defendant is an issue of “coverage” which, as will be discussed, must be decided in an arbitration proceeding.