193 Mass. 551 | Mass. | 1907
This case was heard before a single justice and reserved for the full court upon the question “Whether the widow and orphans’ fund of Trinity Church in the city of
This fund was originally raised by a subscription of persons connected with Trinity Church in 1804, and was stated to be “ for the benefit of the widows and orphan children that may be left by the future ministers of this church.” Since then it has increased greatly by accumulation. In another part of the subscription paper, after referring to the annuity for the benefit of Mrs. Anne Parker, widow of a deceased bishop and rector of the church who was primarily to receive the income, it was said that after her decease the fund was “ to be directed to the benefit of the successive clergymen of said parish,” etc. At a meeting of the subscribers held on December 30, 1804, a scheme for the management and use of the fund was voted, providing that the income should be used, first, for the benefit of the widow and minor children of the late Bishop Parker, and then to be paid to the widow or orphan child or children of any rector of the church, and if, by accumulation, the fund should become so large as to yield an annual income of more than $1,000, new funds should be created from the accumulation as follows : First, one for the widows and minor child or children of the assistant minister of the church, and then one for the. support of the dignity of the bishop of Massachusetts when such bishop should be the rector of Trinity Church, and then one for the “ use and benefit of the bishop, rector, assistant minister, or to such other object connected with this church, as the wardens and vestry thereof for the time being, may in their judgment deem fit and advisable.” Provisions were made as to the amounts that might be expended for each of these objects, in succession, before the application of any money to the creation of the next fuiid mentioned in order, and other details as to the management and use were prescribed, which we need not consider. The payments that may be made to widows and minor children were limited to cases in which they had no considerable income from other sources, and these payments were not to
By the St. 1830, c. 83, Trinity Church was incorporated, and provision was made in § 4 of the act for the appointment of a trustee or trustees to hold and manage this fund, conformably to the directions given in the vote already referred to.
As a general proposition, a gift made for the support of needy widows and orphans of a particular class is an eleemosynary public charity. This has been established by so many cases, and with such full discussion, that there is no occasion to consider the reasons on which the rule is founded. Saltonstall v. Sanders, 11 Allen, 446, 457. Jackson v. Phillips, 14 Allen, 539, 551. Burbank v. Burbank, 152 Mass. 254, 256. Minns v. Billings, 183 Mass. 126, 129. Attorney General v. Goulding, 2 Bro. C. C. 428. Collinson v. Pater, 2 Russ. & Myl. 344. Bristow v. Bristow, 5 Beav. 289. Thompson v. Corby, 27 Beav. 649. Thompson v. Thompson, 1 Coll. C. C. 381, 392.
The gift in the present case is primarily to persons of a class, and not to designated individuals. The members of this class, for all time, are to take. The class, considered strictly, is very small, and the only question is whether the object is so general and indefinite as to be deemed of common and public benefit, and so a public charity. It includes the families of deceased clergymen of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and the selection of them is limited to those in which the husband or father was a rector or assistant minister of Trinity Church. In the course of many years the number benefited might be large, and while the number ultimately receiving a direct benefit is limited to those connected with this religious society, the larger class of clergymen of the same religious faith are indirectly helped by the chance that they may be chosen to one of these places and their families receive assistance from this fund. In Attorney General v. Old South Society, 13 Allen, 474, 475, 476, 492, it appears that a fund was established “for the support of the widows and fatherless children of ministers of the church,” and although it is not expressly stated that this was a public charity, the decision of the case seems to have been upon that assumption. In Kent v. Dunham, 142 Mass. 216, a devise to trustees, expressed to be
We think that there are strong reasons for holding that the fund in the present case is a public charity, viewed solely in its eleemosynary aspect; but we do not decide this, for we think the plaintiff’s other contention, that it is good as a religious charity, should be sustained.
When the different provisions of the vote of the subscribers are considered, it becomes plain that their principal object was religious. They were providing for the encouragement and support of the rector by establishing a fund which would ensure the proper maintenance of his wife and minor children if he died and left them without property. This should be regarded as a gift for the support of the rector. Anon. 2 Vent. 349. Attorney General v. Cock, 2 Ves. Sr. 273. Doe v. Aldridge, 4 T. R. 264. Attorney General v. Lawes, 8 Hare, 32. After making provision for the families of the rector and the assistant minister, the fund, if large enough, was to be used for the bishop of Massachusetts when a rector of that church, and then, if its accumulations became sufficient, it was to be applied to the use and benefit of the bishop, rector, assistant minister, or to other objects connected with the church, in the discretion of the wardens and vestry. In general terms, the money was to be devoted to religious uses in connection with this church.
Is a gift of money for such a use a public charity ? There have been decisions and dicta in this Commonwealth, which, if they embodied the whole law on the subject, would require an answer in the negative. But these are few. They were induced by peculiar conditions, and they are at variance with the general course of decision elsewhere and with the later decisions of this court. The question was expressly decided in Osgood v. Rogers, 186 Mass. 238, in which we find this language: “ Whatever doubt may have existed formerly, it must be regarded as now settled in this Commonwealth by more recent decisions that a
The decision in Attorney General v. Federal Street Meetinghouse, 3 Gray, 1, 49, was put upon the ground that the purpose “ was to constitute a religious society, for the use of the members and proprietors who might be pewholders, or of them with other members, according to circumstances,” and not for the public. This ground of decision, which seems to have been given weight in some of the cases, is not according to the conditions existing in modern churches. Most churches are not only open to the public, but their proprietors seek to promote religion and morality among the people generally. In St. Paul's Church v. Attorney General, 164 Mass. 188, 197, it was said that “A gift to a church eo nomine is a gift to a charity.” In Attorney General v. Union Society, 116 Mass. 167, a trust for the maintenance of a minister and public worship in a mission chapel is treated as a valid charity.
So far as there is anything in Parker v. May, 5 Cush. 336, in Old South Society v. Crocker, 119 Mass. 1, or in other cases in this court, at variance with the decision in Osgood v. Rogers,
We are of opinion that the question reserved must be answered in the affirmative.
I)eereefor the plaintiff.