171 Wis. 215 | Wis. | 1920
The respondents rely mainly on Will of Weymouth, 165 Wis. 455, 161 N. W. 373; Will of Brooks, 167 Wis. 75, 166 N. W. 775; Rissman v. Wierth, 220 Ill. 181, 77 N. E. 108; Verrinder v. Winter, 98 Wis. 287, 73 N. W. 1007; Polebitzke v. John Week L. Co. 157 Wis. 377, 147 N. W. 703; Dicke v. Wagner, 95 Wis. 260, 70 N. W. 159; Horner v. C., M. & St. P. R. Co. 38 Wis. 165; Wanner v. Wanner, 115 Wis. 196, 91 N. W. 671; Western L. & C. Co. v. Copper River L. Co. 138 Wis. 404, 120 N. W. 277, to sustain the judgment of the trial court, the theory of the respondents being that the words “I give and devise to my wife, Elizabeth,” constitute an absolute devise in fee simple of the real estate in question to Elizabeth Baird, and the words “so long as she shall remain my widow” create a condition subsequent, upon the happening of which the fee-simple title is divested, and cite the following cases from other jurisdictions' in support of this construction: Little v. Giles, 25 Neb. 313, 327, 41 N. W. 186; Roberts v. Lewis, 153 U. S. 367, 14 Sup. Ct. 945; Weir v. Michigan S. Co. 44 Mich. 506, 7 N. W. 78; Davis v. Ripley, 194 Ill. 399, 62 N. E. 852; Crain v. Wright, 114 N. Y. 307, 21 N. E. 401; Becker v. Becker, 206 Ill. 53, 69 N. E. 49; Cummings v. Lohr, 246 Ill. 577, 92 N. E. 970; Rissman v. Wierth, 220 Ill. 181, 77 N. E. 108; Bennett v. Packer, 70 Conn. 357, 39 Atl. 739; Becker v. Roth, 132 Ky. 429, 115 S. W. 761; Wilson v. Linder, 18 Idaho, 438, 110 Pac. 274, 138 Am. St. Rep. 213.
The contention of appellant is that the clause in question at most conveys a life estate, subject to be sooner terminated by the remarriage of the widow; that the- words “so long as” in the phrase “so long as she shall remain my widow” are words of duration.
“Every devise of land in any will shall be construed to convey all the estate of the devisor therein which he could lawfully devise, unless it shall clearly appear by the will that the devisor intended to convey a less estate.”
In construing this section it was said, in Dew v. Kuehn, 64 Wis. 293, 25 N. W. 212:
“Under the common-law rule the presumption was that only a life estate was intended' to be conveyed, unless words of inheritance were used, or other words showing an' intent to devise a greater estate. This act was not intended in any other respect to restrict the power of the court, in the construction of wills, by limiting the courts in all cases of devises of real estate to the words of the will alone in determining the extent of the estate devised, unaffected by the surrounding circumstance^ which may properly have force .and be considered in. construing the language used by the testator,and thus determining the real intent of the testator by the use of such language.”
The appellant cites Fuller v. Wilbur, 170 Mass. 506, 49 N. E. 916; Ferrari v. Murray, 152 Mass. 496, 25 N. E. 970; Redding v. Rice, 171 Pa. St. 301, 33 Atl. 330; Staack v. Detterding, 182 Iowa, 582, 161 N. W. 44; Cowman v. Glos, 255 Ill. 377, 99 N. E. 586; Brunk v. Brunk, 157 Iowa, 51, 137 N. W. 1065. See, also, note 28 L. R. A. n. s. 1093, and L. R. A. 1918C, at p. 861. The cases of Giles v. Little, 104 U. S. 291; Little v. Giles, 25 Neb. 313, 41 N. W. 186; and Roberts v. Lewis, 153 U. S. 367, 14 Sup. Ct. 945, all relating to the will of one Jacob Dawson, are also cited.
We shall not attempt an analysis of the various cases cited, nor make any attempt to reconcile them, for they are to some extent irreconcilable. We come back, therefore, to the fundamental proposition that this, as all other wills, must be so construed as to carry out the intention of the testa
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.