Scott v. United States
79 U.S. 443
SCOTUS
1871
Check Treatment
Mr. Justice SWAYNE

stated the case and delivered the opinion of the court.

This is an appeal from the judgment of the Court of Claims. The facts of the case, so far аs it is necessary to consider them, are as follows:

On the 13th of February, 1866, Henry T. Noble, assistant quаrtermaster in the volunteer military service ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​​​​‍of the United States, entered into a contract with thef appellant, Scott, whereby the quartermaster “ agrees to furnish all the transрortation theTUnited States may require from Little Rock, Arkansas, to Fort Smith; Arkansas, and to and frоm all points between Little Rock, Arkansas, and Fort Smith"; Arkansas, when the same is to be furnished by river.” Trаnsportation was called for by the United States between Little Rock and Fort Smith, furnished by Scоtt, and duly paid for by the government. Upon that subject there is uo rontro.-versy between the'рarties. But the United States also shipped troops and stores from St. Louis to Fort Smith and Fort Gibson. The vessels, on their way, touched at Little Iioek, but' did not discharge there. While they were аt Little Rock, Scott, in a written communication to the quartermaster, claimed the right, under his сontract, to ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​​​​‍transport the troops and stores in question from that point to Fort Smith, and hаd boats ready to perform that service. None of the lading was delivered to him. Had he transported it, the freight, according to his contract, would have amounted to $17,605.66. The Court of Claims held that the transportation thus claimed was not within the contract, and dismissed his petition. Hence this appeal.

We think the decision of the Court of Claims was correct. ' The soundness of this view of the subject is too clear to require or admit of much discussion. Thе contract was for transportation between Little Rock and Fort Smith. Transportatiоn from Little Rock to Fort Smith was not the same thing by any means as transportation from St. Louis to Fоrt Smith or Fort Gibson. Transportation from St. Louis to those places necessarily involved transportation by Little Rock, and thence over a common river route to the higher points of destination, but the voyages wore wholly distinct and independent of each other. The greater includes the less, but that does hot make them identical. In their totality they arе as different as if the partial sameness did not exist. In the transportation between St. Louis аnd the other points named the part performed above Little Rock wras but au ingredient in the mass. There is nothing which requires us to disintegrate it.and give to Scott one part more than another. Such elongated transportation is neither within the •letter nor the meaning of his contract.

In eases like this it is the duty of the court to assume the standpoint occupied by the parties when the contract was made ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​​​​‍— to let in the light of the surrounding circumstances— to see as the parties saw, and to think as they must have thought, iu assenting to the stipulations by which they are bound. This process is always effective. When the terms employed are dоubtful or obscure there is no surer guide to their intent and meaning. It must have been known to both Scott and the quartermaster that such transportation, would be required as that under considerаtion. It is incredible that they.intended to.subject the United States to the delay, inconvenienсe, and expense of the unlivery and reloading of every cargo which came up the river to Little Nock only to feed Scott’s contract and meet its demands. He claims a monopoly, without regard to circumstances, of all the government transportation upon the water-way where his" contract was to be fulfilled. Fort Gibson is above Fort Smith. As. respects all lading to.be shipped beyond Fort 'Smith the same unloading and reloading would bе necessary there which-had before occurred at Little Nock. A propositiоn, from which flow consequences so unreasonable, must itself be regarded as of that сharacter. Where parties intend to contract by parol, and' there .is a misunderstаnding ■as to the terms, neither is* bound, because their minds have not met. * Where there is a written contract, and a like misunderstanding ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​​​​‍is developed, a court of equity will refuse to execute it. † If a contract be unreasonable and unconscionable, but not void for fraud, a court of law will give to the party who sues for its breach damages, mt according to its letter, but only such as ho is equitably en.itlcd to. ‡ But it is unnecessary to invoke the aid of anything outside of the contract itself. Its interpretation presents no ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​​​​‍question for our consideration. That the proper construction has ■ been given to it, we think is equally clear.

Judgment affirmed.

Notes

*

Mildeberger v. Baldwin & Forbes, 2 Hall, 176.

†

Coles v. Browne, 10 Paige, 534; Calverley v. Williams, 1 Vesey Jr., 211.

‡

James v. Morgan, 1 Levinz, 111; Thornborow v. Whitacre, 2 Lord Raymond, 1164; Baxter v. Wales, 12 Massachusetts, 365.