Scoggins v. State, 248 Ga. App. 1

Scoggins v. State

248 Ga. App. 1

Ga. Ct. App.

2001

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Smith, Presiding Judge.

We granted the application of Robert Clayton Scoggins for an interlocutory appeal of thе trial court’s order denying his motion to suppress. Because the search of Scoggins’s car after he flеd from a traffic stop and then attempted to flee on foot was permissible as a search incidеnt to arrest, we affirm on that basis and do not reach the issue of whether an inventory search was proрerly conducted.

‘Where the evidence on a motion to suppress is uncontroverted and credibility is not an issue, we review the evidence and the application of the law thereto de novo, cоnstruing all evidence in favor of the trial court’s judgment.” (Footnotes omitted.) Almond v. State, 242 Ga. App. 650 (530 SE2d 750) (2000). The evidence in this case shows without dispute that a Georgia State Patrol officer was on patrol in Paulding County when he encountered а green Camaro traveling at a high rate of speed. After obtaining a radar reading of 78 mph in a 55-mph zonе, the officer turned his patrol car around, activated his blue lights, and attempted to stop the Camarо. The driver fled, made an abrupt left turn into ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍a nearby auto body shop, and drove to the rear of the building. When the officer arrived, no one was inside the car, which had been parked in front of some garage doоrs. The officer quickly searched the area and noticed that one of the doors was partially open. When he pulled on the door, it rolled up, and he saw a man later identified as Scoggins standing just inside the dоor “face to face” with him.

*2 Another person in the building identified Scoggins as the owner of the green Camaro. The officer asked Scoggins for identification, and he responded “that he didn’t need a driver’s license, that he wasn’t driving a vehicle. And I asked him for I.D. I didn’t ask him for any driver’s license or anything.” Scoggins then went directly to the green Cаmaro and retrieved a Georgia identification card from inside. When the officer asked him why he had tried tо elude the traffic stop, Scoggins responded that his license was suspended. At that point, the officer аttempted to pat Scoggins down, and Scoggins pushed him away and fled back inside the building. The officer radioеd for assistance and then pursued Scoggins, subdued and handcuffed him, and placed him in the back of his patrol car.

The officer then looked inside the green Camaro, testifying that he did so because of Scoggins’s cоnduct in speeding and fleeing both in his car and on foot. He saw a cardboard box on the rear seat, аnd when he lifted the box the bottom fell out, revealing two large blocks of what appeared to be marijuana. Most of the encounter, including the search, was recorded on the patrol car’s videocamera, and the tape was reviewed by the court. According to the timer on the videotape, between eight and nine minutes elapsed from the officer’s arrest of Scoggins to his discovery of the marijuanа.

The United States Supreme Court has addressed the issue of searches ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍incident to the lawful arrest of the occupant of a motor vehicle. In New York v. Belton, 453 U. S. 454 (101 SC 2860, 69 LE2d 768) (1981), the police found cocaine in the pocket of a jacket found on the backseat of an automobile after the occupants had been arrested and removed from the vehicle. Id. at 456. The Supreme Court held that “when a policeman has made а lawful custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, he may, as a contemporаneous incident of that arrest, search the passenger compartment of that automobile.” (Footnotes omitted.) Id. at 460. This is true even “after the arrestees are no longer in it.” Id. at 459. In so holding, the Supreme Court rеversed the decision of the New York Court of Appeals, which had held that the search of the jacket was not incident to a lawful arrest when the automobile was no longer accessible to the ocсupants. Id. at 456.

In numerous subsequent cases, this court has relied upon Belton to reach the same conclusion in similar circumstances. See, e.g., Vega v. State, 236 Ga. App. 319, 320 (512 SE2d 65) (1999); State v. Haddock, 235 Ga. App. 726, 728, n. 2 (510 SE2d 561) (1998); State v. Elliott, 205 Ga. App. 345, 346 (422 SE2d 58) (1992).

We note that Fortson v. State, 262 Ga. 3 (412 SE2d 833) (1992), contains a statement that our decision in State v. Hopkins, 163 Ga. App. 141 (293 SE2d 529) (1982), held that “a search incident to an arrest was not ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍allowable after the defendant was safely secured in *3 the back of the police car.” 262 Ga. at 5 (2). 1 But a review oí Hopkins shows that this court held exactly the opposite, finding that Belton, supra, established a “ ‘single standard’ ” permitting a search of the pаssenger compartment of a vehicle incident to arrest even when the arrestee no longer had access to the vehicle or its contents. Hopkins, supra, 163 Ga. App. at 144. The language cited by Fortson appears to have been taken from the dissent. 2 163 Ga. App. at 145-146 (1) (Shulman, P. J., dissenting). Also, a portion of ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍the analysis in a case dеcided by this court after Hopkins is instructive:

Decided January 17, 2001 Reconsideration denied February 8,2001 King, King & Jones, David H. Jones, for appellant. James R. Osborne, District Attorney, Elizabeth L. Larson, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.

This court has held that a search is valid as an incident to a lawful custodial arrest where the defendant has been handcuffed and plаced in a patrol car while the search was conducted. The decisive factor is whether the аrrestee was, at the time of his arrest, a recent occupant of the automobile, not whether the automobile and ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍its contents were in his immediate control at the time of the search.

(Citations and punctuation omitted; emphasis in original.) Sims v. State, 197 Ga. App. 214, 215 (2) (398 SE2d 244) (1990), citing State v. Hopkins, supra, 163 Ga. App. at 141 (2). We therefore conclude that the obiter dictum in Fortson has no effect on the Belton rule and that the search in this case was valid “as an incident to a lawful custodial arrest of a person who had recently occupiеd the vehicle that was searched. [Cits.]” Haddock, supra, 235 Ga. App. at 728, n. 2.

Judgment affirmed.

Johnson, P. J., and Phipps, J., concur.

Notes

In Fortson, the Supreme Court affirmed the denial of a motion to suppress on the ground that the search was properly performed incident to a lawful arrest.

Hopkins was an 8-1 decision, with one judge concurring in the judgment only.