ROBERT SCHNEIDER v. LYNN SCHNEIDER
(AC 36423)
Connecticut Appellate Court
Argued March 5—officially released November 3, 2015
Gruendel, Prescott and Bishop, Js.
Appeal from Superior Court, judicial district of Stamford-Norwalk, S. Richards, J.
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Norman A. Roberts, II, with whom, on the brief, was Tara C. Dugo, for the appellant (plaintiff).
George J. Markley, for the appellee (defendant).
Opinion
GRUENDEL, J. The plaintiff, Robert Schneider, appeals from the judgment of the trial court denying his motion for an order that the defendant, Lynn Schneider, reimburse him for mortgage payments he made after she had failed to make payment as required by the original judgment dissolving the parties’ marriage. The plaintiff asserts that the unambiguous language of the parties’ separation agreement required the defendant to make all payments after a certain date and that, after her failure to do so, his payments in place of her obligation were reimbursable. The plaintiff claims on appeal that the court abused its discretion when it denied his request for reimbursement. We agree and conclude that the court’s denial constituted an improper modification of the property distribution order. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the trial court.
The following undisputed facts and procedural history are relevant to our resolution of this appeal. The parties were married for twenty-three years and had one child born of the marriage. The marriage
For two and one-half years after the dissolution, the parties adhered to the provisions of the agreement and equally split the holding costs. They listed the house for sale in April, 2009. On July 1, 2009, the plaintiff made his first payment toward their child’s college tuition. This event triggered paragraph 3.C of the separation agreement, ending the plaintiff’s duty to contribute to the holding costs. Nevertheless, the plaintiff and the defendant each continued to pay one half of the mortgage payments for another two and one-half years until the home’s eventual sale on February 8, 2012. As a result, the plaintiff paid an additional $51,331.96 beyond what the dissolution judgment required. The defendant concedes that, during this time, she did not pay the entirety of the holding costs and that the plaintiff continued to contribute toward one half of the payments due.3
Although it is undisputed that the defendant failed to pay the entirety of the holding costs as obligated by the agreement, the parties dispute the characterization of the plaintiff’s payments. The plaintiff, in his initial motion seeking reimbursement, characterized his pay-ments as a loan, which he provided in order to avoid foreclosure of the property. He testified that he and the defendant had reached an informal agreement whereby the defendant would repay him when the property was sold. On appeal, the defendant characterizes the plaintiff’s payments as voluntary, and, as a result, she argues that she is under no legal obligation to repay him. In addition, she asserts that the agreement required her to pay the bank, not repay
In its memorandum of decision, the court found that ‘‘despite having no legal obligation to do so after [July 1, 2009], the plaintiff continued to make said payments on the property from July, 2009 through January, 2012.’’ The court, however, denied the plaintiff’s motion on the basis that it did not find the plaintiff’s testimony credible, that the defendant never testified whether there was an informal agreement, and that as a result, the plaintiff had failed to meet his burden of proof.4 Subsequently, the court denied the plaintiff’s motion to reargue, and this appeal followed.
On appeal, the plaintiff argues that the separation agreement unambiguously required the defendant to repay him the $51,331.96. He therefore maintains that by denying the motion for order, the court impermissibly modified the dissolution judgment and consequently abused its discretion. We agree.
We begin by setting forth the standard governing our review of the court’s denial of the plaintiff’s motion for order. ‘‘[C]ourts have no inherent power to transfer property from one spouse to another; instead, that power must rest upon an enabling statute. . . . The court’s authority to transfer property appurtenant to a dissolution proceeding rests on [General Statutes]
‘‘A modification is [a] change; an alteration or amendment which introduces new elements into the details, or cancels some of them, but leaves the general purpose and effect of the subject-matter intact. . . . [W]hen determining whether the new order is a modification, we examine the practical effect of the ruling on the original order.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Santoro v. Santoro, 70 Conn. App. 212, 217, 797 A.2d 592 (2002).
‘‘In contrast, an order effectuating an existing judgment allows the court to protect the integrity of its original ruling by ensuring the parties’ timely compliance therewith.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Perry v. Perry, 156 Conn. App. 587, 595, 113 A.3d 132 (2015). ‘‘[W]e have recognized that it is within the equitable powers of the trial court to fashion whatever orders [are] required to protect the
‘‘In order to determine the practical effect of the court’s order on the original judgment, we must examine the terms of the original judgment as well as the subsequent order. [T]he construction of [an order or] judgment is a question of law for the court . . . [and] our review . . . is plenary. As a general rule, [orders and] judgments are to be construed in the same fashion as other written instruments. . . . The determinative factor is the intention of the court as gathered from all parts of the [order or] judgment. . . . The interpretation of [an order or] judgment may involve the circumstances surrounding [its] making. . . . Effect must be given to that which is clearly implied as well as to that which is expressed. . . . The [order or] judgment should admit of a consistent construction as a whole.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Stechel v. Foster, supra, 125 Conn. App. 447–48.
In the present case, it is undisputed that the separation agreement ordered the defendant to pay 100 percent of the holding costs, including the mortgage payments, from July 1, 2009, until the property was sold on February 8, 2012. Specifically, paragraph 3.C of the separation agreement states that the defendant ‘‘shall be responsible for . . . the full amount of said payments’’ after the plaintiff’s first tuition payment on July 1, 2009. (Emphasis added.) Accordingly, when the defendant failed to make payment, she violated the court’s order. See Culver v. Culver, 127 Conn. App. 236, 242, 17 A.3d 1048, cert. denied, 301 Conn. 929, 23 A.3d 724 (2011) (‘‘general rule is that a court order must be followed until it has been modified or successfully challenged’’ [internal quotation marks omitted]).
Furthermore, the agreement provided that, upon the sale of the property, the net proceeds would be distributed accordingly: (1) the plaintiff would receive the first $300,000, (2) the defendant would receive the next $700,000, and (4) any remaining proceeds would be split evenly between the parties. When the home was sold, the net proceeds amounted to less than $1 million, with the plaintiff receiving $300,000 and the defendant receiving the balance of $481,074.55 From July 1, 2009, when the plaintiff’s obligation to pay terminated, until the February, 2012, when the property was sold, the plaintiff made additional payments totaling $51,331.96 in satisfaction of the defendant’s obligation. The plaintiff requested reimbursement of that amount, which was denied by the court. The court’s denial, when considered together with the distribution of the proceeds from the sale of the home, resulted in a windfall to the defendant, who was able to avoid paying one half of the holding costs for several years while still receiving the benefit of those payments when she received the sale proceeds. See Clark v. Clark, 150 Conn. App. 551, 572, 91 A.3d 944 (2014) (‘‘[o]n review, we look to the substance of the relief sought by the motion and the practical effect of the trial court’s responsive ruling’’ [internal quotation marks omitted]).
We conclude that the practical result of the court’s determination was an additional transfer of property from the plaintiff to the defendant, and, as a result, it constituted an improper modification of the original judgment. Stated differently, in light of the postjudgment actions of the parties, it was necessary to reimburse the plaintiff in order to effectuate and preserve
Moreover, we reject the defendant’s claim that the plaintiff could only seek the relief sought by filing a motion for contempt. ‘‘[T]he trial court’s continuing jurisdiction to effectuate its prior judgments . . . is grounded in its inherent powers, and is not limited to cases wherein the noncompliant party is in contempt. . . .’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Rozbicki v. Gisselbrecht, 152 Conn. App. 840, 847, 100 A.3d 909 (2014). ‘‘[E]ven in the absence of a finding of contempt, a trial court has broad discretion to make whole any party who has suffered as a result of another party’s failure to comply with a court order.’’ Nelson v. Nelson, 13 Conn. App. 355, 367, 536 A.2d 985 (1988). The court retains the power to ensure compliance with the original judgment and can fashion orders to preserve the integrity of that judgment.
The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
Notes
‘‘[The Plaintiff’s Counsel]: So, Mrs. Schneider, effectively beginning July 1, 2009, [the plaintiff] was no longer required to pay . . . half of the mortgage, correct?
[The Defendant]: He was no longer required, no.
‘‘[The Plaintiff’s Counsel]: And after that date did he continue paying?
‘‘[The Defendant]: Yes.’’