278 N.W. 117 | Mich. | 1938
[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *436 August 18, 1934, defendant entered into a written contract with plaintiff, a copy of which is annexed hereto.* March 13, 1936, plaintiff filed a bill of complaint against defendant for an accounting, *438 payment to him of the amount found due upon such accounting, and other relief. Defendant answered, admitting it had refused to pay royalties and sought to justify nonpayment, claiming the contract had been violated by plaintiff, it had been deceived *439 and defrauded into making it, and it was without consideration. Defendant asked, by way of cross-bill, that plaintiff be required to pay it the sum of $775, plus $23.60, with interest, and that it have a lien on the dies, tools and remaining or substituted parts which defendant contracted to purchase from *440 plaintiff under the contract, and for other relief. From a decree for plaintiff substantially as prayed, defendant appeals.
Defendant contends plaintiff may not recover herein because, as shown by the records of the United States patent office, he was only a joint owner in the pending application for patent to cover his claimed invention. The contract between plaintiff and defendant recites the licensor has invented a certain scooter and has ordered prepared and filed an application for letters patent in the United States patent office, which application has been executed and filed.
Under the law, a contract becomes the rule of action between the parties to it and governs their rights and is enforceable if it is not contrary to law. A contract to pay a royalty for leave to manufacture an unpatented invention is valid and enforceable. Hamilton v. Park McKay Co.,
A licensee cannot accept the benefits of a contract and, when called upon to perform its duties under it, *441 repudiate it as made without right or as wanting in force if it is not actually a violation of law or wholly void. The assignee or the licensee of any right, accepted and acted under, may accordingly be estopped to deny the authority from which the right proceeds. The licensee made and sold the scooters under its royalty contract with plaintiff. It can no more be allowed to deny the title of plaintiff, and retain the profits to its own use, than an agent who has collected a debt for his principal can insist on keeping the money upon an allegation that the debt was not justly due to the principal. The fact that a patent is invalid does not render the sales of the invention claimed to have been patented illegal so as to taint with illegality the obligation of the defendant to account. Bigelow on Estoppel (6th Ed.), pp. 597, 598. Defendant, as a licensee of the device in question, may not defeat plaintiff's right to recover upon the ground that plaintiff was only a co-owner in the invention or in the application for patent filed in the United States patent office. The authorities fully sustain the rule set forth in 48 C. J. p. 263, where it is said:
"A license granted by one co-owner of a patent is valid as against the licensor and his co-owners, and the licensee is liable to the licensor for the agreed price, but he is not liable to the other co-owners, unless otherwise stipulated. Nor can the co-owners recover such sum from the licensor, in the absence of an agreement to divide moneys received, although early decisions intimated that such recovery might be had."
The license may be given before issuance of a patent, and, if without restrictions, and if acted on as applying to the invention, will protect the licensee in its use after the patent is granted. 48 C. J. p. 264. *442
The contract was a valid contract in its inception.Hamilton v. Park McKay Co., supra; 48 C. J. p. 264. The invalidity alleged by the defendant arises out of its contention that plaintiff represented he was the owner of the invention and of the application filed for letters patent when, in fact, he was but a co-owner. Notwithstanding defendant's claim, it was fully protected in its right to use the invention.
Defendant claims there was a failure of consideration for the contract. That cannot be sustained for the same reason, that is, the contract was valid and enforceable in its inception and fully protected defendant in its manufacture of the invention covered thereby.
Defendant claims it ought not to be compelled to respond in this proceeding to plaintiff for the reason that plaintiff himself violated the contract in that he did not prosecute the application pending in the United States patent office with due diligence. This is no defense to liability. The contract stipulates that the licensee shall have a right to terminate this agreement "at any time hereafter on 90 days' written notice to the licensor;" that in the event of termination of the contract, it shall have a reasonable time in which to dispose of such scooters as it shall have manufactured and have on hand at the time of such cancellation; that if within two years from the date of the contract, no patent is issued nor any claims allowed assuring the issuance of a patent, in that event, the license shall be void and the licensee, having paid for the dies, tools and fixtures by that time, may retain the same for its own use as it sees fit. Defendant did not exercise its right to terminate the agreement at any time. It permitted it to run. It manufactured and sold scooters thereunder. *443 It is liable to account to plaintiff for the royalties accruing under the contract.
Decree of the trial court affirmed, with costs to plaintiff.
WIEST, C.J., and BUTZEL, BUSHNELL, SHARPE, CHANDLER, NORTH, and McALLISTER, JJ., concurred.
This agreement made and entered into this 18th day of August, A.D., 1934, between Henry C. Schnack, residing at Grandville, Michigan, hereinafter called the "licensor" and the Applied Arts Corporation, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Michigan, having its principal office at Grand Rapids, Michigan, hereinafter called the "licensee," witnesseth:
Whereas, The licensor has invented a certain scooter for which the licensor has ordered prepared an application for letters patent in the United States patent office at Washington, D.C., which application has been executed and filed, the serial number of which is 642586.
Whereas, the said licensee is desirous of securing the exclusive right to manufacture and sell said scooter in and throughout the United States of America and its territories.
Now therefore, for and in consideration of the premises and the mutual considerations hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto have agreed and do hereby agree as follows:
(a) Either directly or through sub-licensees to engage in the manufacture and sale of said scooters and to use reasonable efforts to advertise, make known to the trade and supply the demand for said scooters.
(b) To pay the licensor a royalty of 5 per cent. of the net selling price on each scooter which shall be sold by said licensee and paid for by the person to whom it is sold, which shall be sold by or under the authority of the licensee during the life of this agreement.
(c) To keep full and true records of all sales of said scooters and to permit the licensor to have access to its books and records concerning sales of said scooters at all reasonable times hereafter during the life of this agreement.
(d) To pay the above stipulated royalty to licensor as follows: On or before the 15th day of each month licensee shall pay to licensor the royalty upon all scooters paid for during the preceding calendar month.
(e) To mark all scooters "patent applied for" until the patent shall have issued and thereafter to mark all scooters "patented" together with the number of the patent.
(f) To purchase and take over from the licensor under the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth the following:
70 pcs. Foot board assembly 142 pcs. Steering yoke 992 pcs. Foot board 815 pcs. Back roller bracket 1705 pcs. Carriage bolt nut 220 pcs. Roller assembly 524 pcs. Roller 460 pcs. Roller pin 5600 pcs. Cotter key 4425 pcs. Roller clamp 4275 pcs. Pin 120 pcs. Steering post assembly 249 pcs. Yoke for handle 1003 pcs. Steering post 2700 pcs. Steering post rivet 445 pcs. King pin 720 pcs. King pin cotter key 315 pcs. Handle
One set of dies for manufacturing the following parts:
Steering yoke Back roller bracket Handle yoke Front Roller bracket Roller clamp
All dies, tools and parts being of the estimated value of $775.
Licensee will pay to licensor upon the signing of this contract $75 approved H.C. Schnack; $150 to be paid 30 days after the date of signing and $550 to be paid 60 days after the date of signing of this contract.
The right is further granted to the licensee to stamp, designate and advertise said scooter under such name, design or appellation as licensee shall see fit.
In consideration of the exclusive license to it granted, licensee agrees that it shall be obligated for royalties in an amount not less than $500 a year.
The licensee shall have the right to terminate this agreement at any time hereafter on 90 days' written notice to the licensor, such written notice to be deemed sufficient if given to Henry C. Schnack or, in the event of his death, to Mabel B. Schnack by sending said notice through United States mails.
In the event of such termination by the licensee it shall have a reasonable time in which to dispose of such scooters as it shall have manufactured and have on hand at the time of such cancellation.
If within two years from the date of this contract no patent is issued, nor have any claims been allowed assuring the issuance of a patent, in that event this license shall be void and the licensee, having paid for the dies, tools and fixtures by that time may retain the same for its own use as it sees fit.
In Witness whereof the said Henry C. Schnack has executed the above and foregoing contract under his seal and Applied Arts Corporation has caused these presents to be executed by its president and attested by its secretary under the seal of said corporation, this 18th day of August, A.D. 1934.
HENRY C. SCHNACK, (Seal) APPLIED ARTS CORPORATION, By R.F. DEBOER, President.
Attest:
MARGARET GILLISSE, Secretary.