193 Mo. 254 | Mo. | 1906
This is an action for the conversion of one hundred and sixty-two head of cattle of
THE ISSUES.
The petition is in two counts, arising out of the fact that the plaintiff, Louis Schmidt, owns one note for $6,000, and the plaintiff, D. A. McPherson, owns the other note for $6,000, both of which were secured by a chattel mortgage on the cattle, alleged to have been converted by the defendant. The answer is a general denial, coupled with a plea that two separate and distinct causes of action are united in the petition. The reply is a general denial.
The case made is this:
In the spring of 1898, Joseph W. Gillett, was the owner of one thousand head of cattle, branded S-T (called S bar T) which were on a ranch in Dickinson county, Kansas, known as the Skiddy Ranch. He moved four hundred head of the cattle to the Pierce Pasture, located about eleven miles northeast of Alta Vista, which pasture was partly in Geary County, and partly in Waubaunsee County.
In May, or the early part of June, 1898, he sold three hundred of the cattle he had so placed in the Pierce Pasture to a third party, who shipped the same to Missouri and sold them. The said three hundred do not figure in this case.
Immediately thereafter, he óaused three hundred of the cattle he had left on the Skiddy Ranch to he placed in the Pierce Pasture, to take the place of the three hundred so sold, and to make the number in the Pierce Pasture aggregate four hundred.
In the month of June, 1898, Grant G. Gillett, a brother of Joseph Gillett, arranged with Joseph to purchase the four hundred head of cattle in Pierce Pasture, and the remaining cattle on the Skiddy Ranch. When the transaction was closed it developed that Grant G.
Shortly thereafter, it was agreed between Grant G. Gillett and Hollinger, that Grant G. Gillett should dispose of the cattle so as to secure to Hollinger a profit of two dollars per head.
On the 20th of August, 1898, Grant G. Gillett executed a mortgage on the four hundred head of cattle in the Pierce Pasture, to Elmore & Cooper, of Kansas City, Kansas, to secure two promissory notes of $6,000 each, made by Grant G. Gillett to Elmore & Cooper, due one hundred and fifty days after date; the cattle to remain in the possession of the mortgagor until condition broken. The mortgage was recorded in Dickinson county, Kansas, the residence of the mortgagor, as required by the statutes of Kansas. With the proceeds of that loan, Grant G. Gillett paid off the mortgage that Hollinger had executed to the J. C. Bohart Commission Company, and returned the notes and mortgage to Hollinger, and- also paid Hollinger the two dollars a head profit he had agreed to give him.
Elmore & Cooper sold one of the $6,000 notes to the First National Bank of Deadwood, South Dakota, and thereafter, on January 18,1899, said First National Bank sold said note to the plaintiff, D. A. McPherson, which was before the maturity thereof. Elmore & Cooper sold the other $6,000 note to the Franklin Bank in St. Louis, and thereafter, on the 10th of January, 1899, that bank sold it to the plaintiff, Louis Schmidt.
According to the plaintiff’s version, on the 25th of September, 1898, Joseph Gillett gave an order on Ben
On Sunday, September 25, 1898, Grant G. Gillett caused one hundred and fifty of the cattle that remained on the Skiddy Ranch, to be driven to Woodbine. These cattle were mingled with other cattle (how many is not stated) then at that point, and, on the night of September 25th, they were shipped to the J’. C. Bohart Commission Company, of St. Joseph, and arrived there on the morning of September 26th.
The plaintiffs claim that the defendant, Rankin, purchased seventy-four head of the cattle so taken from the Pierce Pasture, and covered by the mortgage securing the note held by the plaintiff, McPherson, from the Bohart Commission Company, and the first count of the
On the other hand, the defendant claims, that the one hundred and fifty head of cattle taken from the Skiddy Ranch, on the 25th of September, 1898, and that reached St. Joseph on the 26th of September, 1898, were the inferior class of cattle of the whole bunch, or “tail enders,” as they were called, and wefe mostly, yearlings, whereas, the cattle that were in the Pierce Pasture were what were called “tops,” that is, were older, heavier and better cattle; that the former were worth only about $3.80 a hundred, while the latter were worth $4.25 to $4.50 a hundred; that the one hundred and fifty head of cattle from the Skiddy Ranch that reached St. Joseph on the 26th of September, were not sold at once, hut that they remained in the pens of the Bohart Commission Company to themselves, and that on the 29th of September, David Rankin, the father of the defendant, was in St. Joseph and saw them in the pens, and they were offered for sale to him but that he declined to buy; that on that night David Rankin returned to his farm in Atchison county, and informed his son, the defendant, of those cattle; and that on the next day the defendant and Travis, and a man named Murchie, went to St. Joseph, the 30th of September, and purchased the one hundred and fifty head, together with others, which had been.brought from the Skiddy Ranch on the 25th of September, from the Bohart Commission company, paying $3.80 per hundred therefor.
The defendant further claims that they bought
Much oral testimony was adduced on each side, intended to identify the cattle purchased by the defendant, as the cattle which came from the Skiddy Ranch, as the defendant claims, or as the cattle which came from the Pierce Pasture, as the plaintiffs claim. Each party attempted to trace each bunch of cattle from the time it left the Skiddy Ranch, or the Pierce Pasture, until the sale'thereof in St. Joseph, and the plaintiffs introduced testimony tending to show that the defendant sold some of the cattle purchased by him on September 30, 1898, in Chicago, and some of them in Buffalo, New. York, in February, 1899.
The plaintiffs' introduced in evidence the account sales of cattle, on account of Grant G. Gillett, by the Bohart Commission Company on October 1, 1898, and October 3, 1898. The account sales both showed that the cattle were sold on account of Grant G. Gillett. The account sales of October 1, 1898, showed that the cattle sold were branded
Further facts appearing in the evidence will be noted in the course of the opinion, the foregoing being sufficient to indicate the issues of fact involved.
The court gave eight instructions at the request of the plaintiffs, and twelve at the request of the defendant. The plaintiffs claim that the second, third, -sixth and ninth instructions given for the defendant are erroneous, and that the sixth instruction given for the defendant is in conflict with the first instruction given for the plaintiffs.
Those instructions referred to are as follows:
Instruction numbered one given for the plaintiff is: “The court instructs the jury that, although you may find from the evidence and under the other instructions given you, that Grant G. Gillett sold the S-T cattle in the Pierce Pasture in the summer of 1898, to Chas. R. Hollinger, nevertheless if you further find from the evidence that prior to the 20th day of August, 1898, said Hollinger had given said Gillett authority to take control of said cattle and dispose of them as he chose, upon procuring for him (said Hollinger) a certain price per head over and above the mortgage that he (Hollinger) had put upon said cattle, and that on or before the 20th day of August, 1898, said Gillett had concluded himself to become the purchaser and owner of said cat-
The instructions given for the defendant, and here assigned as error, were as follows:
“2. Even if the jury should believe from the evidence that some of the cattle bought by defendant W. F. Rankin or by Rankin, Travis & Go., as shown by the evidence, were a part of the cattle covered and included in the mortgage read in evidence, yet if the jury cannot determine from the evidence how many, if any, of said cattle so bought by defendant or by Rankin, Travis & CA. were included in said mortgage, the plaintiffs cannot recover on either count of the petition.
“3. The court instructs the jury that in order for plaintiffs to recover they must prove by a preponderance of the evidence the following facts:
“First. That at the time of the bringing of this*265 action plaintiffs were the holders by assignment and transfer by the owners thereof, of the two notes mentioned in the evidence as being executed on August 20, 1898, by G-. Gr. Gillett for six thousand dollars each, and of the chattel mortgage executed on said date by said Gillett purporting to secure said notes, and of the cause of action, if any, which the assignors of said notes had at the time of said transfer on account of the conversion alleged to have been made of cattle described in said mortgage.
‘ ‘ Second. That the cattle shipped by Gillett from Woodbine, Kansas, on September 28, 1898, to Bohart Commission Company were the same cattle conveyed in said chattel mortgage and that said cattle were of the description in said mortgage and were branded S-T on the left side, and that no other cattle than those included in said mortgage were included in said shipment. ■
“Third. That the defendant W. F. Rankin, purchased on the 30fch day of September, 1898, and received into his possession, cattle from said shipment and which were conveyed in said mortgage.
“Without the existence of all said facts and of proof thereof plaintiffs cannot recover, and the defendant Rankin can be held liable only for such cattle as he received at the time which were included in said shipment and which were covered by said mortgage, and the burden of proof is upon the plaintiffs to show the number and description of all such cattle, if any, that said Rankin received out of said shipment.
“6. If the jury believe from the evidence that on August 20, 1898, one C. R. Hollinger was the owner of the cattle in controversy and made no sale of said cattle at or prior to said date to G. G. Gillett, plaintiff cannot recover in this action; and even if you should believe from the evidence that said Hollinger employed said Gillett as his agent to handle said cattle for him, this of itself would not constitute a sale of said*266 cattle to Gilett, nor would it give to said G-illett the right or authority to mortgage said cattle.
“9. The fact that some of the cattle bought by defendant, W. F. Rankin, on September 30, 1898, were branded S-T on the side, as shown by the evidence, is not alone sufficient to prove that said cattle so branded S-T were a part of the cattle included in the mortgage of plaintiffs’ read in evidence, provided the jury believe from the evidence that cattle not included in said mortgage read in evidence were on the market at the St. Joseph Stock Yards on said September 30, 1898, and were also so branded S-T, and that some of said other cattle so branded S-T, if they were so branded, and not included in said mortgage, were bought by defendant Rankin of defendant Bohart Commission Company. ’ ’
The defendant further claims that the trial court should have given a peremptory instruction for the defendant, and, therefore, the verdict and judgment are for the right party, and the judgment should be affirmed even if erroneous instructions were given by the court.
I.
The principal contention of the defendant is that the court should have given a peremptory instruction to find for the defendant, and that, therefore, any erroneous instructions given for the defendant should not operate to reverse the judgment.
The gist of this contention is that the testimony of both the plaintiff and the defendant shows beyond question that the cattle purchased by the defendant on the 30th of September, 1898, were not a part of the cattle covered by the mortgage held by the plaintiff. In other words, that the cattle purchased by the defendant were a part of the one hundred and fifty cattle that came from the Skiddy Ranch, and reached St. Joseph on the 26th of September; that they were small, inferior cattle, yearlings, “tail enders,” and not as
The evidence discloses that all of the cattle were not branded S-T, hut that some of them (the number is not stated) were branded 00, or “circles” as it is called.
It is conceded on both sides that originally there were one thousand head of cattle, owned by Joseph Gillett, and located on the Skiddy Ranch. He took four hundred of those, said to have been the pick of the lot, and placed them in the Pierce Pasture. Then he sold three hundred of said four hundred that were in the Pierce Pasture, and they were shipped to Missouri and sold, and cut no figure in this transaction.' This left one hundred head in the Pierce Pasture, and six hundred head on the Skiddy Ranch. Then Joseph took three hundred of the six hundred on the Skiddy Ranch and placed them in the Pierce Pasture, with the one hundred that remained therein. This left four hundred in the Pierce Pasture and three hundred on the Skiddy Ranch. Joseph then sold the four hundred that were in the Pierce Pasture, and plaintiffs say, the two hundred and forty that remained on the Skiddy Ranch (according to the figures above given there were three hundred still on the Skiddy Ranch) to Hollinger. Hollinger authorized Grant G. Gillett to dispose of the four hundred in the Pierce Pasture, and the two hundred and forty or three hundred on the Skiddy Ranch, so as to net him two dollars a head, and in order to do so, Gillett borrowed $12,-000 from Elmore & Cooper, on the 20th of August, 1898, and executed a mortgage on the four hundred head in the Pierce Pasture; and the plaintiffs are the assignees
It is conceded on both sides, that on the 25th of September, Grant G. Gillett shipped one hundred and fifty of the cattle-that were on the Skiddy Ranch, to the Bohart Commission Company, in St. Joseph, and that they reached there on the 26th of September. It is also conceded that on the 27th of September Grant G.' Gillett took the four hundred head that were in the Pierce Pasture to Woodbine, Kansas, and that on the 28th of September, he shipped three hundred and sixty-two of said four hundred head to St. Jo-seph, consigning three hundred and one thereof to the Bohart Commission Company, and they reached St. Joseph on the morning of the 29th of September. The plaintiffs claim that the one hundred and fifty head from the Skiddy Ranch that were shipped on the 25th of September, were mingled with other cattle — how many others were so added the plaintiffs’ statement does not show. The defendant claims that the Skiddy Ranch cattle were kept in separate pens in St. Joseph from the Pierce Pasture cattle, and that the Skiddy Ranch cattle were sold on the 1st. of O'ctober, whereas the Pierce- Pasture cattle were not sold until the 3d of October.
The account sales of the 1st of October shows that there were three hundred and three head of cattle sold that day, and the account sales of October 3d shows that there were two hundred and eighty-five head sold that day, and that all of them were sold on account of Grant G. Gillett. Therefore, the story told by the account sales is that there were one hundred and fifty-three cattle sold on the 1st of October more than were embraced in the one hundred and fifty that were shipped from the Skiddy Ranch to St. Joseph on the 25th of Sep
These considerations clearly demonstrate that the defendant, alone, purchased fifty-one more cattle on the 30th of September, than were shipped from the Skiddy Ranch on the 25th of September. There is no evidence in the record that Gillett had any other cattle in the hands of the Bohart Commission Company between the 25th of September and the 3d of October, than the two shipments of September 25th and September 28th.
The account sales of October 1st further shows that the whole three hundred and three head sold that day were branded S-T, whereas the account sales of October 3d does not show what brands were on the cattle. The account sales of October 1st and 3d show that there were five hundred and eighty-eight cattle sold on those two days for Grant G. Gillett. If there were only one hundred and fifty S-T cattle shipped September 25th, and three hundred and one S-T cattle shipped September 28th, then there were in the hands of the Bohart Commission Company, on .the 29th of September,
"What is here said is not intended as decisive of the plaintiffs’ right to recover for any particular number of cattle, but is cited to show that the testimony offered by the plaintiffs was sufficient to' take the case to the jury, and that it was for the jury to determine how many of the cattle, purchased by defendant, were from the Skiddy Ranch and how many were from the Pierce Pasture. Therefore, there was no error in the refusal of the peremptory instruction asked.
The defendant contends that, even if he did purchase some of the cattle that came from, the Pierce Pasture, still the plaintiffs cannot recover unless they furnish the jury accurate information as to how many of the Pierce cattle the defendant purchased, and that it was not competent to leave it to the jury to guess how many there were; and the second instruction given for the defendant told the jury that if they could not determine, from the evidence, how many of the cattle', purchased by the defendant, were included in the plaintiffs’ mortgage, then the plaintiffs, could not recover on either count of the petition.
The burden of proof was on the plaintiffs to show that the defendant had purchased some of the cattle covered by their mortgage, and the burden was further upon them to furnish the jury with evidence of facts from which the jury were authorized to draw inferences of fact, as to the exact number of cattle covered by the mortgage that the defendant had purchased.
The foregoing demonstration, in the first paragraph of this opinion, shows that the defendant must have purchased some of the cattle that came from the Pierce Pasture, for, he purchased, on that day, fifty-one more S-T cattle than had come from the Skiddy Ranch, and there is no evidence in the record that any S-T cattle came from anywhere except the Skiddy Ranch and the Pierce Pasture. Therefore, conceding to the defendant that he purchased the whole one hundred and fifty head that came from the Skiddy Ranch, and bearing in mind that the defendant purchased two hundred and one S-T cattle on the 1st of October, the jury would have been authorized, on such showing, to find that the defendant had purchased at least fifty-one of the cattle that came from the Pierce Pasture, and that were covered by the plaintiffs ’ mortgage.
The argument of the defendant is that all of the
The witness Barnes testified that the Bohart Commission Company sold to the defendant the cattle that had been there several days, and “possibly might have sold him some of the other cattle, I wouldn’t be positive; more than likely he did.” And the witness
III.
The sixth instruction given for the defendant is assigned as error. That instruction is as follows:
"If the jury believe from the evidence that on August 20, 1898, one C. R. Hollinger was the owner of the cattle in controversy and made no sale of said cattle at or prior to said date to Gr. Gr. Grillett, plaintiffs*274 cannot recover in this action; and even if you should believe from the evidence that'said Hollinger employed said Gillett as his agent to handle said cattle for him, this of itself would not constitute a sale of said cattle to Gillett, nor would it give to said Gillett the right or authority to mortgage said cattle.”
It is claimed that this instruction is not only erroneous in itself, but that it is in direct conflict with instruction numbered 1 given for the plaintiff, which told the jury in substance that if Hollinger had given Gillett authority to dispose of the cattle, as he chose, upon procuring a certain price per head, over and above the mortgage, then on the cattle, made by Hollinger, and if Gillett himself concluded to become the purchaser and owner of the property, and to pay Hollinger the price per head which he was to receive under this agreement, and if Gillett executed the mortgage to Elmore & Cooper, and paid off the mortgage which Hollinger had placed upon the cattle, and obtained a release of the same, and sent Hollinger a check for the amount per head which Hollinger was to receive; and if Hollinger received the money and acquiesced thereafter in the transaction when he learned that Gillett had himself assumed the ownership of and mortgaged the cattle, then Gillett had the authority to mortgage the cattle, and his title was afterwards completed by the payment of the Hollinger mortgage and the amount he paid to Hollinger.
The defendant does not seriously contend that this instruction numbered 6 is not in conflict with plaintiffs’ instruction numbered 1, hut he contends that plaintiffs’ instruction numbered 1 is erroneous, because he says the evidence shows that Hollinger gave Gillett power to sell the cattle so that it would net him (Hollinger) $1.50 to $2 per head over and above the mortgage he (Hollinger) had given to the Bohart Commission Company, but that Hollinger never gave Gillett any authority to mortgage the cattle and with the proceeds of the
The defendant, however, contends that he purchased the cattle in open market, and paid full value therefor without any notice of the rights of the plaintiffs, and that the plaintiffs have no one but themselves to blame for the confusion and loss which ensued, arising from the fact that there were also other cattle marked S-T, not covered by the plaintiffs’ mortgage, as well as the cattle of that brand which were so covered, and that the plaintiffs could have saved the loss and confusion if, after they had received the mortgage, or after their assignors had received it, they had caused
It would undoubtedly have been the part of wisdom for the plaintiffs, or their assignors, so to have done. But defendant cites no case or law which imposed such a duty on the plaintiff's, or their assignors, nor does the defendant attempt to show that the plaintiffs, or their assignors, knew that there were any other cattle in the world branded S-T except those covered by the mortgage. At best, cattle mortgages afford uncertain security, and the conditions here presented are liable to arise at any time when the mortgagor is not thoroughly honest; for the facilities afforded to the mortgagor of spiriting away the mortgaged cattle are so great that loss to purchasers in the open market is liable to occur at any time. But the doctrine of ca,veat emptor applies to purchasers in open market. As between the plaintiffs holding a valid mortgage on the cattle in the Pierce Pasture, and the defendant, who purchased the cattle in the open market and without knowledge of the existence of the mortgage other than is imputed by the recording of the mortgage, both may justly be said to be innocent parties, but the rule of law is that a person who purchases in open market purchases at his own risk and peril, and is liable to the true owner of the property purchased if the seller and ostensible owner is not the true owner. Therefore, the rights of the parties in this action must be determined according to the cold principles of law. If the defendant purchased any of the cattle covered by the mortgage, he is liable to the plaintiffs for as many as he so purchased, and the fact that he paid full value for them in open market is no defense. The question of whether the cattle purchased by the defendant were or were not a part of the cattle covered by the mortgage, was a question of fact to be found by the jury. The jury found the fact for the defendant, and if the jury had been properly instructed, that would have
The case, therefore, in a nut shell is this: The plaintiffs claim that the defendant purchased a portion of the three hundred and one head of cattle that were covered by their mortgage and that arrived in St. Joseph on the 29th of September; whereas, the defendant claims that he purchased none of the three hundred and one that were covered by the mortgage, hut that he only purchased one hundred and fifty that were not covered by the mortgage. If the defendant purchased any of the cattle that were covered by the mortgage, then he is liable to the plaintiffs for as many thereof as he so purchased, for as to them the plaintiffs had the better title. On the other hand, if the defendant purchased only the one hundred and fifty that were not covered by the mortgage, he got a good title, because as to them, the plaintiffs had no claim under their mortgage. The matter, therefore, is principally a question of fact for the jury to pass on, under proper instructions from the court as to the rights of the parties.
Prom the foregoing reasons it follows that the judgement of the circuit court must he reversed and the cause remanded for trial anew in accordance herewith.