150 A. 434 | N.J. | 1930
While on the course owned by defendant Florham Golf Links, Incorporated, the plaintiff was struck and injured by a golf ball said to have been driven by an unnamed "member" of the "club." He was in the presence of defendant Jacob Weinberg. Defendant Samuel Blume, impleaded as Joseph Blum, was the president of the corporate owner. It does not clearly appear what precise relationship the "club" bore to the corporate defendant, nor what constituted "membership." The plaintiff's contention is that he was an invitee on the premises and that he was, *131 at the instance of the defendants, taken, without warning, to a place of danger with resulting injury. At the close of plaintiff's case the trial court nonsuited as to all three defendants. Plaintiff appeals therefrom.
The evidence does not connect the corporate defendant with the transaction. Such testimony as bore thereon was admitted only as against one or both of the individual defendants. Mere ownership of a golf course does not impute liability for an injury suffered by another from a golf ball driven by a player. The nonsuit as to Florham Golf Links, Incorporated, was obviously correct.
Plaintiff's brother-in-law, Samuel Geldizer, testified that on an earlier occasion Weinberg had asked him to "come out to see their golf links, and I said I would come some Sunday if I get some friends," and that Weinberg added, "Well, you can bring your brother along with you, Mr. Schlenger;" that following this the witness, with his wife, Schlenger and Schlenger's wife, went to the grounds and asked for Weinberg, who presently appeared and who, at the suggestion of defendant Blume, undertook to "show us the grounds," Blume remarking that "if you look at the place you will surely sign up as a member to-day;" and that, having gotten on the links, Schlenger was hit by a driven golf ball. This testimony is in parts corroborated by the plaintiff, Mrs. Geldizer and Mrs. Schlenger.
Plaintiff relies upon Phillips v. Library Co.,
The plaintiff was there to "see the golf links." There was no invitation other than that. It can scarcely be argued that golf links should be kept free of driven golf balls. It follows that a person who enters upon the links is necessarily subject to whatever danger that fact entails. Nor is it ordinarily practicable to see a set of links without going upon them. Nevertheless, a golf course is not usually considered a dangerous place, nor the playing of golf a hazardous undertaking. It is a matter of common knowledge that players are expected not to drive their balls without giving warning when within hitting distance of persons in the field of play, and that countless persons traverse golf courses the world over in reliance on that very general expectation. There is no testimony to sustain a finding that Weinberg was aware, or that there were circumstances to put him on notice, that anyone on the grounds would, without signalling and in violation of that common rule of action, drive his ball into the group of three persons of whom Weinberg and the plaintiff were two. Under those circumstances we find no negligence in that he did not warn the player.
Whether or not the plaintiff was as completely ignorant of the game of golf and its incidents as his testimony indicates is not controlling. The question of the ordinary care required of the defendants must, to some extent, be predicated upon the knowledge of the ordinary person. Was it obligatory upon Weinberg to specifically caution the plaintiff that the links were there for the very purpose that players might drive golf balls over them, and that if a person through a player's carelessness or otherwise should be hit by a ball the contact might cause injury? If that be so, it seems *133 equally logical that in inviting a guest to observe a tennis game one must warn that a ball may, by inadvertence, be driven over the side lines and, by striking a sensitive organ, as the eye, do physical injury, or that at a baseball game a host should warn his guest to be on guard against a long ball driven by a unusually vigorous player; and that failure to give such warning would leave one liable for subsequent injuries of that character. The mind readily multiplies such instances. Potential mishaps are incidents to almost every occasion.
We think that the law does not require warnings, against such unusual and chance incidents, to accompany the giving of an invitation to do that, not inherently dangerous, which is a widely accepted phase of contemporaneous life and of which the ordinary person thoroughly understands the significance.
As was said by Mr. Justice Dixon in Wiley v. West JerseyRailroad Co.,
Inasmuch as the defendant went purposely to see the links and his injury was an unforeseen and unusual incident that occurred while he was in the act of realizing his intention, we consider that the injury was not the natural and proximate effect of the failure to give warning by either Weinberg or Blum; indeed, under the circumstances of the case, we conclude that there was no duty resting upon either of those defendants to give warning.
Plaintiff, in support of his argument, quotes a portion of our opinion in Sebeck v. Plattdeutsche,
The judgment below is affirmed.
For affirmance — THE CHANCELLOR, CHIEF JUSTICE, TRENCHARD, PARKER, BLACK, CAMPBELL, LLOYD, CASE, BODINE, VAN BUSKIRK, McGLENNON, KAYS, HETFIELD, DEAR, WELLS, JJ. 15.
For reversal — None.