No. 41 | 2d Cir. | Jan 30, 1900
The merchandise was imported under the tariff act of 1890. It consisted of goods invoiced as “gold straw braids” and “silver straw braids,” composed of hemp fiber to the
“■Par. 448. Hats and so forth, materials for: Braids, plaits, flats, laces, trimmings, tissues, willow sheets and squares, used for making hats, bonnets and hoods, composed of straw, chip, grass, palm leaf, willow, hair, whalebone or any other substance or material not specially enumerated or provided for in this,act, twenty per centum ad valorem.”
•' By a special act passed February 18, 1890, congress struck out the last-quoted paragraph, and inserted in place thereof the following:
“Par. 448. Braids, plaits, flats, willow sheets and squares, fit only for use in making or ornamenting hats', bonnets and hoods, composed of straw, chip, grass, jjalm leaf, willow, hair, whalebone or any vegetable material, not specially enumerated or provided for, twenty per centum ad valorem.”
• Next came the act of October 1, 1890, containing the paragraph under which the importers in the case at bar contend that their goods should be classified. It reads as follows, being part of the -free. list:.
“Par. 518. Braids, plaits, laces and similar manufactures, composed of straw, chips, grass, palm leaf, willow, osier or rattan, suitable for making or ornamenting hats, bonnets and hoods.”
It will be observed that the changes in the language used by congress have been in the direction of restricting the number of articles which tlie so-called “hat-material” paragraph should comprise. And that restriction is found to apply to the component materials. The braids of the hat-material paragraph of the act of 1883 might be composed, not only of straw, chip, or grass, but of “any other substance or material.” By the amendatory act of 1890, these general words were changed to “any vegetable material,” and in the act of October 1, 1890, the general phrase was wholly, eliminated, and the braids included in the paragraph were reduced to such only as were “composed of straw, chips, grass,” and the other specially enumerated vegetable substances. By this we do not mean to hold that .the presence of any other material in admixture with one or more of the enumerated materials will take the braid out of this paragraph., Under the principle enunciated in Arthur’s Ex’rs v. Butterfield, 125 U.S. 70" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1888-03-19" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/arthurs-executors-v-butterfield-92175?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="92175">125 U. S. 70, 8 Sup. Ct. 714, 31 L. Ed. 643" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1888-03-19" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/arthurs-executors-v-butterfield-92175?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="92175">31 L. Ed. 643, and Herrman v. Robertson, 152 U.S. 521" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1894-04-02" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/herrman-v-robertson-93856?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="93856">152 U. S. 521, 14 Sup. Ct. 686, 38 L. Ed. 538" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1894-04-02" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/herrman-v-robertson-93856?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="93856">38 L. Ed. 538, we affirmed in U. S. v. Rheims, 33 C.C.A. 687" court="4th Cir." date_filed="1898-11-05" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/strobel-v-ferst-9336602?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="9336602">33 C. C. A. 687, 89 F. 1020" court="2d Cir." date_filed="1897-02-26" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/united-states-v-lahey-8863314?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="8863314">89 Fed. 1020, a decision of the circuit court holding that certain braids, composed principally of straw, were within this paragraph, although they contained cotton, 28 per cent, in quantity, and 25 per cent, in value. But, in order to: come within the terms of the paragraph as now amended, it is necessary that the predominant and characteristic component shall:be one of those specifically enumerated in the paragraph, and the. words of enumeration should not be, distorted so as to cover other, ¡vegetable substances, not fairly within the definition of those