23 Or. 381 | Or. | 1893
On the sixteenth of February, 1887, the city of Salem, through its common council, authorized and empowered the plaintiff, under the supervision of its street supervisor, to erect and maintain water tanks for the purpose of supplying his street-sprinkling wagons with water with which to sprinkle and allay the dust on certain of the principal streets of the city, for a compensation to be by him received from the adjoining property owners. Under this authority the two tanks in question were erected by plaintiff at the places designated by and under the supervision of the street supervisor, and were maintained and used by plaintiff for the purposes for which they were authorized, until July 7, 1891, when the council ordered and directed the street commissioner to remove the tanks, which was accordingly done after a refusal by plaintiff to remove them himself, whereupon this action was commenced to recover damages for such removal.
The contention for defendant is, (1) that the city had no power or authority to authorize the erection of these water tanks in the streets, because they were to be used for private purposes, and were therefore nuisances per se, which could be abated at any time; and (2) if this is not so, the permission to so erect them was but a mere license, revocable at the pleasure of the city. At the outset it is well to note that this case is unembarrassed by any question as to the right or remedy of an abutting property owner, or of a private individual who has suffered some injury special to himself, and not in common
As a general rule, it has been said that “public highways belong, from side to side, and end to end, to the public”: State v. Berdetta, 73 Ind. 185 (38 Am. Rep. 117); Elliott, Roads, 478; hence any unauthorized permanent erection or structure which materially encroaches upon a public street or highway, and impedes or interferes with travel, is a nuisance per se, and may be abated as such, notwithstanding ample space is left for passage by the public. But it now seems settled that municipal authorities which possess under their charters general control over the streets, have the power to and may authorize and render lawful obstructions and erections therein for a public purpose, which otherwise would be deemed nuisances, on the ground that such erections or structures are merely putting the street to a new and improved use, as demanded and required by the necessities of the times and the modern conveniences and appliances. It is upon this principle that the right to grant franchises authorizing the use of the streets for water and gas pipes, for the construction and operation of street railways, the erection of water hydrants and lamp posts, of telegraph, telephone, electric-light, and railway poles, and similar structures, is maintained and now generally recognized and upheld by the courts: 2 Dillon, Mun. Corp. §§ 657-697; Keasby, Electric Wires, 86, 89; Thompson, Electricity, §§ 26, 28. Since a municipal corporation holds its control and power over the streets in trust for the public, it has no authority to authorize or permit private persons or corporations to erect or maintain permanent obstructions therein for purely private purposes: Pettis v. John
It follows, then, that the water tanks in question having been erected by plaintiff by the authority and permission of the defendant at the places designated and selected by its agent and under his supervision, cannot be held to be public nuisances per se, if they were erected and maintained for public and not private purposes, and this depends upon whether sprinkling the streets of a municipality is a public purpose, or, in other words, a business in which the corporation itself may lawfully engage. There seems scarcely room for two opinions upon this point, so unquestionable is it that street sprinkling is a public purpose. As was said by Pierpont, J., in West v. Bancroft, 32 Vt. 371, in sustaining the right of
Passing now to a consideration of the question as to the right of the city to revoke the license under which plaintiff erected the water tanks, the rule seems to be that after a municipality has granted a license or franchise to a private person or corporation to occupy a portion of a street for public purposes, and the licensee has acted upon such grant, and expended money on the faith thereof, the city cannot revoke the license without compensation to the owner, unless the erection or structure so authorised is, or has in fact by subsequent use become, an actual nuisance: 1 Dillon, Mun. Corp. 314; Hudson Telephone
Judgment of the court below is therefore affirmed.