114 Mo. 348 | Mo. | 1893
Plaintiff was a passenger on the defendant’s road from St. Louis to Cuba Junction on the night of October 18, 1888. In her effort to leave the station at the place of her destination, she stepped upon or against some mail bags, and was thereby thrown down and injured.
The defendant answered byway of a general denial, contributory negligence, and as a third defense alleged that Cuba Junction was a small village containing only two hundred and fifty inhabitants; that it had but few streets, which were without lights of any kind; that at the time of the accident there were lamps burning in the station-house; that the station-house and platform thereto were ample for the business transacted at that place and were constructed with as much care as was usual on well regulated railroads. These and other like matters are set out at great detail. On motion of the plaintiff, the court struck out this third defense.
1. While it was the duty of the defendant to light its station and platform on the arrival and departure of trains, the character and the extent of the lights must depend upon the character and extent of the business transacted at the particular place. As the village had no gas or electric lights the defendant was not bound to supply its station with such lights. Lights which would be sufficient at a station like this would be wholly inadequate at a large station. All such circumstances were proper matters to place before the jury in solving the question whether the defendant failed to properly light the platform; but they are matters of evidence only and not facts to be pleaded. All of the
2. The depot platform at Cuba is about two hundred feet long, and is a substantial structure. There is no evidence showing or tending to show that it was out of repair or defective in construction. The train on which plaintiff was a passenger ran in from, the east and stopped about a car length further west than usual. With the assistance of the car porter, plaintiff got off the car at a point about six feet west of the west end of the station-house. She then started east on the platform to the east end of it, where there was an omnibus in waiting. She had taken but a few steps when she tumbled over some mail bags lying in her pathway, which had been thrown from the postal car attached to the train. The witnesses all agree that it was a very dark night. There were no lights on the platform save three or four lanterns in the hands of persons who were moving about from place to place. There was a bay window to the station-house’looking out on the platform, and two lighted lamps on the inside, but these lamps gave no light on the platform because of' the window shades. The evidence tends to show that the car window blinds were also closed, so that ’there was little or no light from the car.
It appears three or four other persons came in on the same car. A Mr. Lewis and his wife were in advance of the plaintiff. He stumbled over the bags, but he says he was looking towards the • omnibus and not where he was stepping. His wife seems to have seen the bags just as he stumbled. He says he passed on and then turned around and saw Mrs. Sargent fall, and that he could see the bags from where he was then standing. Another lady who got off at the east end of the station-
Objections are made to some of the eight or nine instructions given at the request of the plaintiff, because they do not properly define the duty of the defendant or that of the plaintiff. To an understanding of these objections we set out the instructions, omitting the recitals that plaintiff was a passenger on the train.
“1. If the plaintiff started the usual way across said platform to the hotel ’bus, it was not her duty while so going to the hotel ’bus to expect and anticipate obstructions on the platform.”
‘‘6. If the plaintiff in attempting to go to the ’bus, east of the depot, did. not discover the mail bags on the platform, which she had the right to believe was safe and free from obstructions, and the officers and servants of said defendant company failed to warn her of such obstructions, and that she fell over the same and injured herself, then she was not guilty of such negligence as would prevent her recovering in this cause, and your verdict will be for plaintiff; provided you further find that the platform was not sufficiently lighted to enable plaintiff to have seen and avoided the obstruction by the use of customary care on her part.”
' 7. (This instruction states among other things that the plaintiff ‘ ‘hadthe right to assume that the platform was unobstructed.”)
“8. If the mail bags were permitted to remain upon said platform in the passage-way to said ’bus, and plaintiff was tripped up by them and fell upon said platform and was injured, and that before she fell she did not see said mail bags, and had no warning that
There can be no doubt but it is the duty of a railroad company to furnish lights at its station platforms during the arrival and departure of trains at night, sufficient to safely guide the steps of its passengers, the passengers using ordinary care. Hutchinson on Carriers [2 Ed.] secs. 518, 519; Fordyce v. Merrill, 5 S. W. Rep. 329; Buenemann v. Railroad, 20 N. W. Rep. 379. The real question over these instructions is whether they properly define the duty of the plaintiff as to the use of ordinary care. There are cases which seem to impose upon the carrier of passengers the same high degree of care in respect of their stations, platforms and ways of ingress and egress that is imposed upon them in respect of their carriages, machinery and tracks; and there are other cases which call for a less degree of care, that is to say, such care only as a prudent person would use under like circumstances and in view of the danger to be apprehended. The ground 'upon which this rule is placed is that the degree of care required is not based alone on the relation of carrier and passenger, but is in part measured by the consequences which flow from the want of care in the use of dangerous agencies, and hence it is that such high care is demanded in respects of cars, tracks, engines and the like. Moreland v. Railroad, 141 Mass. 31; The Pennsylvania Co. v. Marion, 104 Ind. 239; Kelly v. Railroad, 112 N. Y. 443.
It is out of place here to do more than allude to these rules; for there is no evidence showing or tending to show that the platform itself was in any way defec
It is true these instructions have, coupled with the statements before mentioned, a proviso to the effect, that to recover, plaintiff must have been in the exercise of ordinary care, but the effect of the proviso is destroyed by what precedes it. Thus the sixth instruction asserts that she had the right to believe the platform was free of obstructions, and, if she did not see the mail bags and was not warned of their presence,
3. The fourth instruction given at the request of the plaintiff, relieved of matters not now material, states that if it was customary for the defendant’s passenger-trains to carry mail, and the' defendant’s servants knew or might have known it was customary to throw mail bags upon the platform, and these servants neglected to remove said mail bags, and failed to have such lights upon the platform as were necessary to enable plaintiff to pass in safety, and she fell and was
The objection to this instruction is that there is no evidence to support it.
In Muster v. Railroad, 61 Wis. 326, the plaintiff was at work on a scaffold, putting up cornice on a depot building. A postal clerk threw a mail bag from a passing train, which struck one of the supports of the scaffold knocking it down and injuring the plaintiff. The evidence was all to the effect that mail bags were usually discharged some two hundred feet west of the depot, and there was no evidence that a mail bag had ever before been thrown off at the depot. Under this state of the evidence it was held that the company was not chargeable with notice that such a thing was likely to occur, and hence the company was not bound to guard against accidents from such a cause.
In Carpenter v. Railroad, 97 N. Y. 494, the plaintiff went to a depot to take an approaching train. As the cars passed him a postal clerk threw a mail bag on the platform, which struck the plaintiff. The defense was that the postal clerk was in the employ of the United States and not in the employ of the company. The proof showed that the practice of thus discharging mail bags had prevailed for a long time. In view of this evidence the court held that the company was chargeable with notice that mail bags were likely to be thrown off in the same manner and under the same circumstances at the arrival of any postal car. Says the court: “By this knowledge the defendant was brought fairly within the rule which enjoins care, not only on the part of itself and its servants, but also like care in preventing injury from the careless or wrongful act of any other person whom it permits to come upon its premises. The occupants of the postal car are no
And in another like case it was said, “There was evidence in the case tending to show that mail bags had not unfrequent-ly been thrown from this car in such a way as to strike upon the platform where the plaintiff stood;-and if this evidence was believed the court was justified in inferring that the defendant knew, or, in the exercise of proper care, ought to have known this. It was within the power of the defendant to prevent this practice of throwing out mail bags, if in no other way, by withholding the use of the car, or by stopping the train at the station.; ’ Snow v. Railroad, 136 Mass. 552.
Here, one witness testified: “It is the custom to throw them (the mail bags) off at the west end of the platform. The mail bags are taken by the night operator into the depot after the train leaves. He gets his pay from the company. They usually come off west of the depot.” Another witness says: “They throw mail sacks off on the platform. The mail bags [meaning those over which the plaintiff fell] were west of the depot and west of the turn which goes -to McClay’s.” Other evidence is to the effect that the postal clerks are under the control of the United States and not of the defendant.
This evidence tends to show that usually these bags were thrown off on the west end of the platform, and not at the particular place on it where they were thrown off on the night in question, but the difference could not have been more than fifty feet and is immaterial. The practice had been to throw them on this platform, provided for passengers, and passengers had the right to use any part of it. As the passenger platform was used for the purpose of discharging the mail bags thereon, it was the duty of the defendant to
This case is in its facts unlike that cited from 61 Wisconsin, and comes clearly within the rule of the other cases cited on the same subject. For the error before mentioned the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded. It having been suggested that the plaintiff has died since this cause was submitted in this court, the judgment will be entered as of the day. of the submission, leaving it to the parties to take such proceedings in the trial court as they may be advised is proper.