7 Conn. App. 537 | Conn. App. Ct. | 1986
These two actions, consolidated in the trial court and on appeal in this court, arise out of a property dispute between the plaintiffs, James and Lucy SantaMaria, and the defendants,
The plaintiffs and defendants are sublessees of shore lots leased by the Latimer Point Management Corporation (hereinafter LPMC) from the Latimer Point Company (hereinafter LPC). On August 10, 1982, the SantaMarias entered into a stipulated judgment with LPMC which terminated a dispute between those parties; SantaMaria v. Latimer Point Management Corporation, Superior Court, Judicial District of New London, No. 64783 (August 10, 1982) (hereinafter Latimer Point case); regarding the use of motor vehicles upon the strip of land at issue here. The stipulated judgment provided, inter alia, that the twenty-five foot passway would be a fire lane under the control of LPMC and that motor vehicles would be prohibited from using the strip except for the purpose of obtaining access to the adjacent lots.
The president of LPMC raised the question of pedestrian use of the strip at the time of the stipulated judg
In Manship, the defendants, by special defense, contended that the strip was “common ground” or, in the alternative, that they had acquired a right of way by adverse possession. In addition, the defendants counterclaimed against the plaintiffs alleging that the plaintiffs had appropriated the strip for their use to the exclusion of the defendants and had made it difficult for the defendants to exercise their right of passage over the strip. The defendants sought a declaratory judgment and injunctive relief to prevent the plaintiffs from hindering their access to the strip. The plaintiffs, by special defense, claimed “the use and possession” of the strip.
In Lennon, each of the defendants, by special defense, alleged that the plaintiffs had instigated the assaults. In addition, the defendants counterclaimed seeking sureties of the peace and damages from the plaintiffs who, they claimed, continuously harassed them. The plaintiffs, in turn, by special defense claimed that the defendants were the instigators.
On August 22, 1984, the court rendered judgment
In Lennon, the court found that the defendants had committed the assaults in question, but concluded that the plaintiffs had instigated the assaults, thus providing the defendants with a complete defense to the plaintiffs’ complaint. The court also found for the defendants on their counterclaim and ordered the plaintiffs to pay damages in the amount of $500. The plaintiffs have appealed, claiming three errors in the court’s judgment in Manship and one error in the Lennon judgment.
Turning first to Manship, the plaintiffs’ first claim of error is that the court erred in declaring the strip to be “common ground” when the prior stipulated judgment in the Latimer Point case declared the strip to be a “fire lane.” We disagree with this contention concerning the effect of the stipulated judgment in Latimer Point.
The crux of this claim is that the stipulated judgment in the Latimer Point case is res judicata of the rights of the parties in Manship and Lennon to use the strip
Before entry of the stipulated judgment, Charles Noyes, president of LPMC, specifically requested clarification of its terms with respect to pedestrian use of the subject strip of land. The following colloquy took place: “Mr. Noyes: Now, also pedestrians can walk on that? It’s open for pedestrians? [Counsel for the Plaintiffs]: That, I can’t say. It’s a fire lane, whatever a fire lane is under — .” A fire lane is a restricted passway reserved for the use of fire vehicles in an emergency. It does not per se prohibit or restrict pedestrian traffic, which physically does not block or impede movement of fire trucks answering a call. It is clear that the use of the strip as a walkway was not within the scope of the stipulated judgment. Hence, the judgment cannot be res judicata in the case before us.
The second claim of error raised by the plaintiffs is that the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the counterclaim for declaratory relief in Manship because all persons having an interest in the subject matter of the dispute were not notified as required by Practice Book § 390 (d). We agree.
Practice Book § 390 (d) provides that “[t]he court will not render declaratory judgments upon the complaint of any person: . . . (d) unless all persons having an
In the present case, the defendants’ counterclaim for declaratory relief alleged, in part, that the “Latimer Point Management Corporation subleases seventy-five (75) lots at Latimer Point to individuals located on said lots.” The counterclaim was certified as having been mailed “to all counsel of record.” At this time, only the individual plaintiffs and defendants were parties to the action. Subsequently, the defendants moved to have LPMC made a defendant to the action, but this motion was denied. Nowhere, however, does the record reflect any attempt by the defendants to notify the remaining sublessees of LPMC’s seventy-five lots of the pendency of the declaratory judgment action. The declaratory judgment sought by the defendants would have benefited all of LPMC’s sublessees. Consequently, they are “persons having an interest in the subject matter” of the action. The defendants’ unsuccessful effort to make LPMC a party defendant was ineffective as notice either to it or to its sublessees. Therefore, the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the defendants’ counterclaim for declaratory relief.
The trial court’s memorandum concluded that “Re: Practice Book Section 390 (d), the Court finds that all parties in interest have had reasonable notice of this action as witness some thirty members of the association in the courtroom including various officers of the Management Corporation.” There is no basis in the record for such a finding and the court’s conclusion was
The plaintiffs’ third claim is that the court erred in awarding the defendants damages on their counterclaim in Manship because of a variance between the pleadings and proof, and lack of evidence to support the amount of damages.
The court’s memorandum expressly states (1) “[t]he Court does not find [that] the plaintiffs planted trees or vegetation in violation of the lease, but does find they have allowed them to grow so as to obstruct views of others and diminish their property values”; (2) “The Court finds the plaintiffs have prevented others from using the twenty-five foot strip in violation of the lease and harassed those who used such twenty-five foot strip of land”; and (3) “The Court finds the value of the defendants’ property has diminished as a result of plaintiffs’ actions.” The court then awarded the defendants money damages of $3500 plus costs.
The plaintiffs claim that this constituted a variance between the pleadings and proof because the counterclaim alleged that the plaintiffs “have planted trees and vegetation which [have] obstructed the views of the defendants and other sublessees.” There is no allegation that the plaintiffs had permitted existing trees and
“To set aside a judgment on the basis of a variance between the pleadings and the proof, the variance must be material in a way which is essential to the cause of action claimed.” Francis v. Hollauer, 1 Conn. App. 693, 695, 475 A.2d 326 (1984). In the present case, the variance noted is clearly material to the issue of damages raised by the counterclaim. The sublease provision which prohibits the planting of new trees and vegetation without the written permission of the sublessor also provides that “except for established trees, vegetation shall not obstruct the views of other sublessees.” The defendants, however, alleged in their counterclaim only that the plaintiffs “have planted trees and vegetation which [have] obstructed the views of the defendants and other sublessees.” Thus, since the defendants failed to prove, as the court found, that the plaintiffs had planted trees or vegetation in violation of the sublease, they could not recover on their counterclaim as it was alleged.
The plaintiffs’ final claim of error relates to the Lennon case and is that the court erred in concluding that the plaintiffs’ provocation was a complete defense to the defendants’ assaults on the plaintiffs. They also claim that the court erred in awarding damages to the defendants on their counterclaim since no evidence was presented by the defendants regarding damages.
With regard to the defendants’ counterclaim, the court found that the defendants had proven the claim, while the plaintiffs had not proven their special defenses that the altercations between the parties were instigated and caused by the defendants and that the plaintiff had exclusive use of the strip. Although the court awarded the defendants damages of $500 in Lennon, no evidence was offered to support any award of actual damages. The only evidence of damages offered by the defendants related to the diminution in value of their leaseholds caused by the plaintiffs’ obstruction of their view. No evidence of the effect of the plaintiffs’ harassment was offered at all. The defendants did testify as to the amount of the attorney’s fees which they had paid to date. That amount, $3500, would only be an appropriate element of punitive damages rather than actual damages. See Markey v. Santangelo, 195 Conn. 76, 80, 485 A.2d 1305 (1985). Nowhere in the defendants’ complaint do they request punitive damages, however.
In Manning v. Michael, supra, the court held that the complaint must “employ language sufficiently explicit
In the present case, the prayer for relief in the defendants’ counterclaim did not expressly seek punitive damages. Further, the brief set of questions asked by the defendants’ counsel of one of his clients, who was on the witness stand at the time, regarding their fee arrangement and the fees paid to date was insufficient to notify the plaintiffs that punitive damages were being sought. It was not until closing arguments that the defendants made their request for punitive damages clear. At that point, it was too late for the plaintiffs to bring evidence to dispute that claim. Hence, the court could not properly have awarded punitive damages in this case.
Since there was no evidence of actual damages in Lennon, and since an award of punitive damages would
There is error in part in the case of SantaMaria v. Manship, the judgment is set aside and the case is remanded with direction to render judgment as on file except, with respect to the defendants’ counterclaims for declaratory relief and damages, judgment should be rendered for the plaintiffs; there is error in the case of SantaMaria v. Lennon, the judgment is set aside and the case is remanded with direction to render judgment for the plaintiffs on the complaint and on the counterclaim and to conduct a hearing in damages on the complaint with respect to the plaintiffs’ actual damages.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
In SantaMaria v. Manship, (3506), the defendants are Robert Manship, Muriel Manship, William Lennon, Joseph Ciampa, Jeanette Ciampa, Donald Vigneau, Rita Vigneau, Dorothy Wally and Louise Donovan. In SantaMaria v. Lennon, (3507), the defendants are William Lennon, Robert Manship and Joseph Ciampa.
The memorandum of decision in each case is incorrectly labeled “Judgment.”
Unlike the situation in Echo Four v. Hill, 3 Conn. App. 118, 125, 485 A.2d 926 (1985), the court’s lack of jurisdiction over the declaratory judgment claim in this case does not cause the entire counterclaim to fail. The defendants’ claim for damages arising out of the plaintiffs’ actions was related to, but independent of, the declaratory judgment claim. Therefore, the claim for damages must also be considered.
Although preexisting vegetation which obstructs the defendants’ view would constitute a violation of the terms of the sublease, which was not alleged, the violation would be in the extent of its growth, rather than its planting by the plaintiffs or its presence on their property. Thus, the plaintiffs’ defense of the counterclaim would focus on a justification of the amount of the vegetation rather than on a justification of its presence if the defendants had alleged that the vegetation was preexisting. Further, established trees may, within the terms of the sublease, obstruct the defendants’ view. Hence, the plaintiffs would have a complete defense to any such claim by the defendants.
Ordinarily, the variance between the pleadings and the judgment would require us to remand this counterclaim for a new trial. See Francis v. Hollauer, 1 Conn. App. 693, 697, 475 A.2d 326 (1984). Because the trial court expressly found that the plaintiffs did not plant any trees or vegeta