48 F. 152 | 8th Cir. | 1891
On the 24th of November, 1890, the plaintiffs in error brought suit in the court below against Flow & Foster upon account for $2,171.67. On the same day the plaintiffs filed an affidavit for an attachment against the defendants, upon the ground that they had disposed of their property with the intent to defraud their creditors. An order of attachment was issued on the 24th of November, and on the same day levied on a stock of general merchandise, store fixtures, safe and contents, books, accounts, and notes, which had been the property of the defendants. Upon the application of the plaintiffs the court made an order directing a sale of all the property attached as perishable property, and on the 5th of January, 1891, it was sold by the marshal. On the day the plaintiff sued out the attachment, but some hours before the order of attachment was issued or levied, the defendants executed a deed of assignment to the interpleader, Anderson, conveying to him, n trust for their creditors, the identical property afterwards seized by he marshal on the order of attachment against the defendants. The deed of assignment was duly acknowledged and delivered to the as-signee, and filed for record before the order of attachment reached the hands of the marshal. The assignee appeared, and filed an interplea, claiming the attached property under the deed of assignment, and the defendants filed an affidavit denying the grounds of the attachment. The plaintiffs filed an answer to the interplea, denying the execution of the deed of assignment, and alleging that it was void on its face, fraudulent in fact, and executed after the issue and levy of the writ of attachment. The issues on the interplea and on the attachment were submitted to the same jury who found the issues on the interplea in favor of the interpleader, and the issue on the attachment in favor of the defendants. Judgment was rendered in favor of the interpleader for the proceeds of the sale of the attached property, and in favor of the defendants quashing the attachment. The specifications of errors filed below and relied upon in counsel’s brief will he considered.
The act of congress approved May 2, 1890, (26 U. S. St. c. 182, § 31,) adopted and put in force in the Indian Territory the body of the statutes of the state of Arkansas, as contained in Mansfield’s Digest of the laws of that state. Among the statutes thus put in force was chapter 8 of that Digest relating to assignments for the benefit of creditors. Section 305 of the Digest provides that before the assignee shall bo entitled to take possession, sell, or in any way manage or control the assigned property he shall file in the office of the clerk exercising chancery jurisdiction a full and complete inventory of the property, and a bond in double its estimated value. The deed of assignment contains this clause: “The said L. P. Anderson not to take possession of said property until he shall have filed a good and sufficient bond, as in such cases
The deed of assignment prefers certain named creditors, and provides that, after paying the expenses of the trust and the preferred creditors, the balance of the trust fund shall be paid “to all our remaining creditors pro rata, according to their indebtedness.” The names and amounts due the unpreferred creditors are not given in the deed or in any schedule attached thereto. It is claimed that the failure to attach such a schedule avoids the deed. The law is otherwise. Burrill, Assignm. pp. 186, 205. Such a schedule, if filed, would not be conclusive as to who were creditors, or the amount of their debts. If any surplus remains to be distributed to such creditors, and there is any doubt as to who thejr are, or the amount of their debts, the assignee should refer the matter to the court of chancery administering the trust, and that court will, by some appropriate proceeding, determine these questions, and order the fund distributed accordingly. If the assignee fails to act, any creditor may compel him to do so. Nor does the failure to fix a limit of time for the assignee to apply the proceeds of the assigned property affect the validity of the deed of assignment. Burrill, Assignm. p. 323. If the assignee does not pay over the trust fund to the creditors as quickly as he should, the court under whose supervision he is administering the trust, or any court of chancery having jurisdiction, will compel him to do so on the application of any creditor.
Several assignments of error rest on the proposition that the failure of the assignee to make and file the required inventory and bond before the property was attached by the plaintiffs avoids the deed as against such attachment. In adopting the Arkansas statutes for the Indian country it will be presumed that they were adopted with the construction and interpretation placed upon them by the supremo court of that state prior to their adoption by congress. It has long been settled by the decisions of the supreme court of Arkansas construing the statute under consideration that the execution and delivery of the deed of assignment to the assignee passes the title to the assigned property; that the failure of the assignee to make and file the inventory and give the bond does not affect
The case seems to have been tried below by the plaintiff's in error on the theory that the interpleader could not maintain his claim to the property unless he had made and filed the required inventory and bond before he filed his interpica, and that, if lie had not done so, the plaintiff’s attachment should be sustained. But neither of these propositions is sound law. The interpleader might make and file the required inventory and bond during the trial, and they would have the same legal effect as if they had been made and filed on the day the assignment was executed; and, if the assignment was otherwise valid, a total failure to make and file the inventory and bond would not invalidate the assignment, or sustain the plaintiff’s attachment of the assigned property. In such case the property should be discharged from the attachment, and returned to the custody from whence it was taken, there to remain until the assignee qualified himself to receive it, or until a court of chancery, on the application of the debtor or some creditor, appointed an assignee to execute the trust.
It is assigned for error that the plaintiff “proposed to propound to the assignors leading questions,” and the court refused to permit them to do so. This was a matter resting in the sound discretion of the trial court, and not rcviewable in this court. In the trial of the issue between the
The plaintiffs offered to prove by the witness Betts that a note which the witness owned and held in his hand, for $860, and purporting to he signed “A. J. Foster” arid “D. D. Flow,” and payable to one Lewis, was given for an improvement sold by Lewis to Foster, and which improvement had since been occupied by Foster as his homestead; and that said note was originally signed by Foster alone, and that Flow’s name was added after witness purchased the note from Lewis. This evidence was excluded upon the ground, as stated in the bill of exceptions, that the note was the best evidence as to who were its makers. The object of this evidence was to show that the assignors had preferred and provided for the payment out of the firm assets of an individual debt of one of the partners. The evidence was rightly excluded, but not for the reason assigned in the bill of exceptions. It was irrelevant, and did not tend to impeach the assignment, unless the assignee had knowledge of and participated in the arrangement. Emerson v. Senter, 118 U. S. 3, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 981. The court expresses no opinion on the question whether such knowledge on the part of the assignee at the time he accepted the trust would avoid the deed. That question is not in the case upon the pleadings. The answer to the interplea setting up this defense does not allege that the assignee was a party to the transaction, or had any knowledge of it whatever; nor was it proposed to offer such proof. For these reasons the evidence was irrelevant to the issue, and rightly excluded. Emerson v. Senter, supra.
The plaintiffs in error excepted to every paragraph of the charge to the jury. We perceive no substantial error in the charge for which the case should be reversed. In the course of the charge the court told the jury that “it has been decided by the highest judicial authorities, both xr this country and in England, that a failing debtor has not only the privilege, but it is his duty, to make an assignment of all his property for the benefit of his creditors.” The law imposes no such duty on a failing debtor, and the statement that it does was erroneous; but, as it was an abstract proposition, which could not affect or influence the verdict, it is not an error for which the case should be reversed.
It is assigned for error that the interpleader was permitted to open and close the argument to the jury. The plaintiffs denied the execution and validity of the assignment. This imposed the burden on the in-terpleader of proving the execution of the deed and his title to the assigned property, and entitled him to the opening and close on that issue. The interpleader was not concerned with the issues on the attachment.
There was an error in the mode of impaneling the jury in the case. Railway Co. v. James, 48 Fed. Rep. 148, (decided at the present term.) But we are all of opinion that upon the state of the pleadings and the proofs in this case there was nothing for the court to submit to the jury, and that the court should have directed a verdict for the interpleader. Chandler v. Von Roeder, 24 How. 224; Commissioners v. Clark, 94 U. R. 278. There was no evidence tending in the slightest degree to impeach the assignment. An appellate court should not reverse a judgment for an error when it plainly appears from the record that the error worked the complaining party no harm. Deery v. Cray, 5 Wall. 795, 807; Smith v. Shoemaker, 17 Wall. 630; Gregg v. Moss, 14 Wall. 564; West v. Camden, 135 U. S. 507, 521, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 838. As the verdict rendered was the only verdict that could have boon rendered in the case, no matter how the jury was impaneled or constituted, the plaintiffs were not harmed by the error. Judgment affirmed.