258 F. 597 | 8th Cir. | 1919
The plaintiff in error was convicted of mailing an “obscene, lascivious, and filthy” letter, contrary to section 211 of the Criminal Code (Act March 4, 1909, c. 321, 35 Stat. 1129 [Comp. St. § 10381]), and brings the case here for review.
It is not enough that a letter or publication be offensive to the feelings or the pride of those into whose hands it may come. Considerations of caste or social position do not enter into the law. The evil character of the letter or publication declared nonmailable by the clause of the statute under consideration must be reasonably apparent or discernible on its face. It need not be in particular words, but may appear in the structure of the sentences, and either directly or indirectly by innuendo or suggestion, or in the thought conveyed. Dunlop v. United States, 165 U. S. 486, 17 Sup. Ct. 375, 41 L. Ed. 799, involved newspaper publications of the latter character. .Instances, of suggestive letters held to offend the statute may be found in Parish v. United States, 159 C. C. A. 258, 247 Fed. 40, and United States v. Moore (D. C.) 129 Fed. 159. We approve of those decisions. But we know of no case under this clause of the statute in which it has-been held that, if the letter or publication in itself is not objectionable, an undisclosed motive or intent of the writer may be found to convict him. In Knowles v. United States, 95 C. C. A. 579, 170 Fed. 409, we held that a good motive was no defense to an evil publication. The converse is measurably true. If an undisclosed evil motive or intent can bring within the statute a letter or publication that is innocent and mailable upon its face, convictions could be sustained in cases of simple newspaper “want ads,” upon proof of an evil “ultimate- purpose, motive, or intent” in the mind of an advertiser or publisher who employed the mails. Doubtless that would be a proper field for legislation, but we do not think the statute before us goes so far.
Cases like Grimm v. United States, 156 U. S. 604, 15 Sup. Ct. 470, 39 L. Ed. 550, and De Gignac v. United States, 52 C. C. A. 71, 113 Fed. 197, are not in point. They arose under the clause of the statute-making nonmailable any written or printed card, letter, circular, etc., giving information directly or indirectly where, how, or from whom certain articles might be obtained. There a letter may have a perfectly clean face, and yet its mailing be a violation of the law.
The sentence is reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial.